Lin Li-Yin, Lin Chun-Ji, Kuan Chen-I, Chiou Hung-Yi
Department of Leisure Industry and Health Promotion, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.
Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
JMIR Form Res. 2023 Sep 12;7:e41364. doi: 10.2196/41364.
Although vaccination has been shown to be one of the most important interventions, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy remains one of the top 10 global public health challenges worldwide.
The objective of this study is to investigate (1) major determinants of vaccine hesitancy, (2) changes in the determinants of vaccine hesitancy at different time periods, and (3) the potential factors affecting vaccine acceptance.
This study applied a mixed methods approach to explore the potential determinants contributing to vaccine hesitancy among the Taiwanese population. The quantitative design of this study involved using Google Trends search query data. We chose the search term "" (vaccine), selected "" (Taiwan) as the location, and selected the period between December 18, 2020, and July 31, 2021. The rising keywords related to vaccine acceptance and hesitancy were collected. Based on the responses obtained from the qualitative study and the rising keywords obtained in Google Trends, the 3 most popular keywords related to vaccine hesitancy were identified and used as search queries in Google Trends between December 18, 2020, and July 31, 2021, to generate relative search volumes (RSVs). Lastly, autoregressive integrated moving average modeling was used to forecast the RSVs for the 3 keywords between May 29 and July 31, 2021. The estimated RSVs were compared to the observed RSVs in Google Trends within the same time frame.
The 4 prevailing factors responsible for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy were doubts about the government and manufacturers, side effects, deaths associated with vaccination, and efficacy of vaccination. During the vaccine observation period, "political role" was the overarching consideration leading to vaccine hesitancy. During the peak of the pandemic, side effects, death, and vaccine protection were the main factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy. The popularity of the 3 frequently searched keywords "side effects," "vaccine associated deaths," and "vaccine protection" continued to rise throughout the pandemic outbreak. Lastly, the highest Google search queries related to COVID-19 vaccines emerged as "side effects" prior to vaccination, deaths associated with vaccines during the period when single vaccines were available, and "side effects" and "vaccine protection" during the period when multiple vaccines were available.
Investigating the key factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy appears to be a fundamental task that needs to be undertaken to ensure effective implementation of COVID-19 vaccination. Google Trends may be used as a complementary infoveillance tool by government agencies for future vaccine policy implementation and communication.
尽管疫苗接种已被证明是最重要的干预措施之一，但对新冠疫苗的犹豫态度仍是全球十大公共卫生挑战之一。
本研究的目的是调查（1）疫苗犹豫的主要决定因素，（2）不同时间段疫苗犹豫决定因素的变化，以及（3）影响疫苗接受度的潜在因素。
本研究采用混合方法来探索台湾人群中导致疫苗犹豫的潜在决定因素。本研究的定量设计涉及使用谷歌趋势搜索查询数据。我们选择搜索词“（疫苗）”，选择“（台湾）”作为地点，并选择2020年12月18日至2021年7月31日期间。收集与疫苗接受度和犹豫态度相关的上升关键词。根据定性研究获得的回复以及谷歌趋势中获得的上升关键词，确定了与疫苗犹豫相关的3个最热门关键词，并将其用作2020年12月18日至2021年7月31日期间谷歌趋势的搜索查询，以生成相对搜索量（RSV）。最后，使用自回归积分移动平均模型预测2021年5月29日至7月31日期间这3个关键词的RSV。将估计的RSV与同一时间范围内谷歌趋势中观察到的RSV进行比较。
导致新冠疫苗接受度和犹豫态度的4个主要因素是对政府和制造商的怀疑、副作用、与疫苗接种相关的死亡以及疫苗接种的效果。在疫苗观察期，“政治作用”是导致疫苗犹豫的首要考虑因素。在疫情高峰期，副作用、死亡和疫苗保护是导致疫苗犹豫的主要因素。在整个疫情爆发期间，3个经常被搜索的关键词“副作用”、“与疫苗相关的死亡”和“疫苗保护”的热度持续上升。最后，与新冠疫苗相关的谷歌搜索查询量最高的是：接种前为“副作用”，单疫苗可用期间为与疫苗相关的死亡，多疫苗可用期间为“副作用”和“疫苗保护”。
调查影响新冠疫苗犹豫态度的关键因素似乎是确保有效实施新冠疫苗接种需要开展的一项基本任务。谷歌趋势可被政府机构用作未来疫苗政策实施和宣传的辅助信息监测工具。
