性别对儿童 1 型糖尿病发病年龄、HLA 基因型和自身抗体谱的影响。

Sex Differences in Age of Diagnosis, HLA Genotype, and Autoantibody Profile in Children With Type 1 Diabetes.

机构信息

Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Department of Paediatrics, Kristianstad Central Hospital, Kristianstad, Sweden.

出版信息

Diabetes Care. 2023 Nov 1;46(11):1993-1996. doi: 10.2337/dc23-0124.

DOI:10.2337/dc23-0124

PMID:37699205

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To examine sex differences in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D) with respect to age at diagnosis, presence of autoantibodies (GAD antibody [GADA], insulinoma-associated protein 2 [IA-2A], insulin autoantibody [IAA], and zinc transporter 8 autoantibody), and HLA risk.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A population-based nationwide sample of 3,645 Swedish children at T1D diagnosis was used.

RESULTS

Girls were younger at T1D diagnosis (9.53 vs. 10.23 years; P < 0.001), more likely to be autoantibody-positive (94.7% vs. 92.0%; P = 0.002), more often positive for multiple autoantibodies (P < 0.001), more likely to be positive for GADA (64.9% vs. 49.0%; P < 0.001), and less likely to be positive for IAA (32.3% vs. 33.8%; P = 0.016). Small sex differences in HLA risk were found in children <9 years of age.

CONCLUSIONS

The disease mechanisms leading to T1D may influence the immune system differently in girls and boys.

摘要

目的

研究新诊断为 1 型糖尿病（T1D）的儿童在诊断时的年龄、自身抗体（谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体 [GADA]、胰岛细胞抗原 2 抗体 [IA-2A]、胰岛素自身抗体 [IAA]和锌转运蛋白 8 自身抗体）和 HLA 风险方面的性别差异。

研究设计和方法

使用了瑞典一个基于人群的、全国性的 3645 名新诊断为 T1D 的儿童的样本。

结果

女孩在 T1D 诊断时年龄更小（9.53 岁比 10.23 岁；P < 0.001），更有可能呈自身抗体阳性（94.7%比 92.0%；P = 0.002），更常呈多种自身抗体阳性（P < 0.001），更有可能呈 GADA 阳性（64.9%比 49.0%；P < 0.001），而 IAA 阳性的可能性更小（32.3%比 33.8%；P = 0.016）。在 <9 岁的儿童中，HLA 风险存在微小的性别差异。