State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, Research Group of Emerging Contaminants, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Dec 20;905:166964. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166964. Epub 2023 Sep 10.
Liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) are potentially persistent, bioaccumulating, and toxic substances. However, limited data are available on the occurrence of LCMs in indoor and outdoor air particle matter (PM) in residential areas. Herein, residential areas near an e-waste dismantling center (Guiyu Town, Shantou City), as well as areas away from the e-waste site (Jiedong District, Jieyang City) were selected as the sampling areas. PM was collected from the indoor environments of Guiyu (IGY) and Jieyang (IJY), as well as those from the outdoor environments (OGY and OJY) using the high-volume air samplers (TH-10000C). The levels of 57 LCMs in PM were analyzed, and the highest concentrations of LCMs were found in IGY (0.970-1080 pg/m), followed by IJY (2.853-455 pg/m), OGY (0.544-116 pg/m) and OJY (0.258-35.8 pg/m). No significant difference was observed for LCM levels in indoor PM between the two areas (p > 0.05), which were significantly higher than those in outdoors (p < 0.05), indicating that the release of electronic products in general indoor environments is a source of LCMs that cannot be ignored. The compositions of LCMs in outdoors were not consistent with those of indoors. The correlation analysis of individual LCMs suggested potential different sources to the LCMs in indoor and outdoor environments. The median daily intake values of ΣLCMs via inhalation were estimated as 0.440, 1.46 × 10, 0.170 and 1.19 × 10 ng/kg BW/day for adults, and as 2.27, 2.60 × 10, 0.880 and 2.10 × 10 ng/kg BW/day for toddlers, respectively, indicating much higher exposure doses of LCMs indoors compared with the outdoors, and much higher doses for toddlers compared with adults (p < 0.05). These results reveal the potentially adverse effects of LCMs on vulnerable populations, such as toddlers, in indoor environments.
液晶单体（LCMs）是一种具有潜在持久性、生物累积性和毒性的物质。然而，目前关于其在住宅区室内和室外空气颗粒物（PM）中存在的数据有限。本研究选择了电子废物拆解中心（汕头市贵屿镇）附近的住宅区以及远离电子废物场地的地区（揭阳市揭东区）作为采样区域。使用大容量空气采样器（TH-10000C）从贵屿（IGY）和揭阳（IJY）的室内环境以及户外环境（OGY 和 OJY）中采集 PM，并对其中 57 种 LCMs 的浓度进行了分析。结果表明，LCMs 的浓度在 IGY 中最高（0.970-1080 pg/m），其次是 IJY（2.853-455 pg/m）、OGY（0.544-116 pg/m）和 OJY（0.258-35.8 pg/m）。两个地区室内 PM 中 LCMs 的浓度没有显著差异（p > 0.05），但均显著高于室外 PM（p < 0.05），这表明一般室内环境中电子产品的释放是不可忽视的 LCMs 释放源。室外空气中 LCMs 的组成与室内空气不同。对个别 LCMs 的相关性分析表明，室内和室外空气中的 LCMs 可能有不同的来源。通过吸入摄入的ΣLCMs 的中位数日摄入量估计值分别为成年人 0.440、1.46×10、0.170 和 1.19×10ng/kg BW/day，幼儿 2.27、2.60×10、0.880 和 2.10×10ng/kg BW/day，这表明与室外相比，室内空气中 LCMs 的暴露剂量更高，幼儿的暴露剂量比成年人更高（p < 0.05）。这些结果揭示了室内环境中 LCMs 对幼儿等脆弱人群可能产生的不利影响。
