School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.
Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute for Advanced Simulation, Jülich, Germany.
J R Soc Interface. 2023 Sep;20(206):20230193. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0193. Epub 2023 Sep 13.
At crowded places, like railway platforms at rush hour, the spatial distribution of waiting pedestrians has a significant influence on performance and level of comfort. However, the choice of waiting places and the resulting spatial distribution of the crowd have rarely been studied. This study investigates the effects of obstacles, number of passengers and waiting time on the distribution of waiting passengers. Laboratory experiments were performed using a mock-up platform with three set-ups: without obstacles, with a narrow and a wide obstacle. Density profiles determine preferred waiting places. While the space usage by waiting passengers is inhomogeneous, the distances between the individuals show surprisingly small variations, regardless of obstacles and number of passengers. This suggests a robust collective optimization of the crowd when searching for waiting positions. In doing so, and without necessity, the participants chose distances to each other extending into the personal zone specified in classical personal-space-concepts. These results indicate necessary refinements of the concept by considering context and collective behaviour. The findings are transformed into floor-fields modelling the space usage by a superposition of attractive or repulsive areas which consider optimization of distances and comfort. This model does not only reproduce the waiting places at platforms but can be adapted for other use cases.
在拥挤的地方，如高峰时段的火车站台，等候行人的空间分布对性能和舒适度水平有重大影响。然而，等候地点的选择以及由此产生的人群空间分布很少被研究过。本研究调查了障碍物、乘客数量和等候时间对等候乘客分布的影响。使用带有三个设置的模型平台进行了实验室实验：无障碍物、狭窄障碍物和宽障碍物。密度分布决定了等候乘客的首选等候位置。尽管等候乘客的空间使用情况不均匀，但个体之间的距离变化惊人地小，无论是否有障碍物和乘客数量多少。这表明在寻找等候位置时，人群进行了稳健的集体优化。在这样做时，参与者选择了彼此之间的距离，这些距离延伸到了经典个人空间概念中指定的个人区域。这些结果表明，需要考虑上下文和集体行为对概念进行必要的改进。研究结果转化为地板场模型，通过考虑距离和舒适度优化的吸引力或排斥区域的叠加来模拟空间使用。该模型不仅可以再现站台的等候区域，还可以适应其他用例。
