Wu Chih-Hsun, Chou Wei-Han, Long Yi-Hsun, Yang Hao-Han, Lin Tung, Yang Chi-Cheng, Sun Wei-Zen, Chen Chih-Cheng, Lin Chih-Peng
Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Clinical Psychology Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
J Pain Res. 2023 Sep 6;16:3075-3084. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S422197. eCollection 2023.
People with pain problems are highly vulnerable to cultural disparities, and it is imperative to reduce these inequalities. This cross-sectional study aimed to develop a culturally sensitive Chronic Pain Cognition Scale (CPCS) for Chinese-/Chinese dialect-speaking populations and investigate its psychometric properties.
Adult patients with chronic low back pain or chronic neck pain who visited pain clinics at a medical center in northern Taiwan were enrolled. Participants completed the demographic, intensity of pain, and two other related sensations, "Sng ()" and "Ma ()", often reported in Chinese-speaking populations, CPCS, Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire-8, and Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire.
200 patients were included. Patients' mean age was 64.84 ± 14.33, 126 (63.0%) were female, and 83 (41.5%) had 13+ years of education. The average duration of pain was 77.25 ± 97.46 months, the intensity of pain was 6.04 ± 2.50, Ma was 3.43 ± 3.24, and Sng was 4.54 ± 3.14. The CPCS comprised four factors: pain impact (how pain impact one's life), losing face (how one being disrespected due to pain), helplessness, and avoidance, with good structural validity and adequate reliability (Cronbach α, 0.60-0.81) and satisfactory criterion-related validity. Moreover, losing face, an essential concept in Chinese relationalism, was significantly related to pain, Sng, and Ma (r = 0.19, 0.15 and 0.16), but not to pain acceptance or self-efficacy, indicating a culturally specific element in pain measurement.
The CPCS has good psychometric properties and is suitable for evaluating chronic pain in the clinical setting, and might be generalizable to other Chinese-/Chinese dialect-speaking populations.
有疼痛问题的人群极易受到文化差异的影响，减少这些不平等现象势在必行。这项横断面研究旨在为讲中文/华语方言的人群开发一种具有文化敏感性的慢性疼痛认知量表（CPCS），并调查其心理测量特性。
招募了在台湾北部一家医疗中心的疼痛诊所就诊的慢性下背痛或慢性颈痛成年患者。参与者完成了人口统计学、疼痛强度以及讲华语人群中常报告的另外两种相关感觉“酸（Sng）”和“麻（Ma）”的问卷，CPCS、慢性疼痛接纳问卷-8和疼痛自我效能问卷。
纳入了200名患者。患者的平均年龄为64.84±14.33岁，126名（63.0%）为女性，83名（41.5%）接受过13年及以上教育。疼痛的平均持续时间为77.25±97.46个月，疼痛强度为6.04±2.50，麻为3.43±3.24，酸为4.54±3.14。CPCS包括四个因素：疼痛影响（疼痛如何影响一个人的生活）、丢脸（一个人因疼痛而如何被不尊重）、无助和回避，具有良好的结构效度和足够的信度（克朗巴哈α系数，0.60 - 0.81）以及令人满意的效标关联效度。此外，丢脸作为中国关系主义中的一个重要概念，与疼痛、酸和麻显著相关（r = 0.19、0.15和0.16），但与疼痛接纳或自我效能无关，表明在疼痛测量中存在文化特定因素。
CPCS具有良好的心理测量特性，适用于临床环境中慢性疼痛的评估，并且可能适用于其他讲中文/华语方言的人群。
