Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.
Clinica Veterinaria San Emilio, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.
Open Vet J. 2023 Aug;13(8):965-976. doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i8.2. Epub 2023 Aug 31.
Transthoracic echocardiography represents the main noninvasive technique for evaluating cardiac morphology and function in dogs. In dogs with particular somatotypes, such as brachymorphic dogs, breed-specific echocardiographic values are needed for a proper echocardiographic interpretation. Nowadays, the Pug represents one of the most popular brachymorphic canine breeds worldwide. However, data on echocardiographic measurements in this breed are currently limited.
We aimed to determine echocardiographic values in a population of apparently healthy Pugs, and to assess the possible effects of body weight (BW), age, and sex on selected echocardiographic variables, with particular emphasis on those related to the left-sided cardiac chambers.
Apparently healthy Pugs underwent a full physical examination, a 1-minute six-lead electrocardiogram, and a complete transthoracic echocardiography. Twenty-four echocardiographic variables were measured by combining M-mode, two-dimensional and Doppler modalities, and relative values were determined by applying the statistical procedures recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Moreover, the effect of selected demographic variables on echocardiographic measurements was tested using a linear mixed model.
The investigation included 86 Pugs. Echocardiographic values were provided for each variable and compared with previous veterinary literature. A statistically significant effect of BW, age, and sex was documented for several of the tested variables. Doppler examination demonstrated a trivial pulmonary regurgitation in 24/86 (27.9%) Pugs. Moreover, a persistent left cranial vena cava was suspected in 4/86 (4.7%) dogs.
Echocardiographic features of the Pug were addressed and echocardiographic values were made available for clinical use. Because our findings were obtained using a standardized echocardiographic analysis in a population of 86 healthy Pugs, they may act as a reliable guide for an accurate echocardiographic interpretation in this breed.
经胸超声心动图是评估犬心脏形态和功能的主要非侵入性技术。在某些体型的犬中，如短头型犬，需要特定品种的超声心动图值来进行正确的超声心动图解读。如今，哈巴狗是世界上最受欢迎的短头犬品种之一。然而，目前关于该品种的超声心动图测量数据有限。
我们旨在确定一个外观健康的哈巴狗群体的超声心动图值，并评估体重（BW）、年龄和性别对选定的超声心动图变量的可能影响，特别强调与左侧心脏腔室相关的变量。
外观健康的哈巴狗接受了全面的体格检查、1 分钟 6 导心电图和完全的经胸超声心动图检查。通过结合 M 模式、二维和多普勒模式测量了 24 个超声心动图变量，并通过应用临床和实验室标准协会推荐的统计程序确定了相对值。此外，使用线性混合模型测试了选定的人口统计学变量对超声心动图测量的影响。
该研究共纳入 86 只哈巴狗。提供了每个变量的超声心动图值，并与以前的兽医文献进行了比较。体重、年龄和性别对多个测试变量的影响具有统计学意义。多普勒检查显示 24/86（27.9%）只哈巴狗存在轻微的肺动脉瓣反流。此外，怀疑 4/86（4.7%）只狗存在持续性左头腔静脉。
描述了哈巴狗的超声心动图特征，并提供了临床使用的超声心动图值。由于我们的发现是使用标准化的超声心动图分析在 86 只健康哈巴狗群体中获得的，因此它们可能成为该品种准确超声心动图解读的可靠指南。
