Park Junu, Kim Myeongsu, Han Jae-Ik, Lee Kichang, Yoon Hakyoung
Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Republic of Korea.
Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Republic of Korea.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Jun 28;11:1361843. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1361843. eCollection 2024.
(Korean raccoon dog), a member of the Canidae family, is anatomically similar to dogs. Previous studies have used vertebral heart scale measurements to measure the cardiac size of Korean raccoon dogs on thoracic radiographs; however, the use of additional cardiac size indices, such as vertebral left arial score, intercostal space, cardiothoracic ratio, and echocardiographic indices, has not been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to establish normal reference ranges for various thoracic radiographic and echocardiographic indices in normal Korean raccoon dogs.
Twenty-six Korean raccoon dogs (11 males and 15 females) were included in this study. The thoracic radiographic indices, vertebral heart scale score, and vertebral left atrial score were measured in the right lateral view. The intercostal space and cardiothoracic ratio were measured in the ventrodorsal view. The echocardiograms were evaluated in the right parasternal long and short axis view and left parasternal apical view.
The mean values for the thoracic radiographic and echocardiographic indices were as follows: vertebral heart scale, 9.12 ± 0.74; vertebral left atrial score, 1.5 ± 0.31; intercostal spaces, 3.17 ± 0.34; cardiothoracic ratio, 0.69 ± 0.07; left atrial to aortic root ratio, 1.22 ± 0.14; main pulmonary artery to aorta ratio, 1.22 ± 0.14; left ventricular end-diastolic internal diameter normalized for body weight, 1.36 ± 0.19; end-diastolic volume index, 51.07 ± 19.6; end-systolic volume index, 16.54 ± 7.45; the peak velocity of early diastolic transmitral flow, 73.13 ± 15.46 cm/s; and the ratio between the transmitral flow velocities and the peak early diastolic velocity, 1.77 ± 0.47. Only percent increase in the left ventricular end-systolic internal diameter was negatively correlated with body weight. The remaining indices showed no correlations with body weight.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report covering both thoracic radiographic and endocardiographic indices for Korean raccoon dogs. Thus, the thoracic radiographic and echocardiographic indices established in this study may be used to evaluate the cardiac condition of Korean raccoon dogs.
貉是犬科动物的一种，在解剖结构上与狗相似。以往的研究使用脊椎心脏量表测量法在胸部X光片上测量貉的心脏大小；然而，尚未有关于使用其他心脏大小指标的报道，如脊椎左心房评分、肋间间隙、心胸比率和超声心动图指标。因此，本研究旨在确定正常貉的各种胸部X光片和超声心动图指标的正常参考范围。
本研究纳入了26只貉（11只雄性和15只雌性）。在右侧位视图中测量胸部X光片指标、脊椎心脏量表评分和脊椎左心房评分。在腹背位视图中测量肋间间隙和心胸比率。在右胸骨旁长轴和短轴视图以及左胸骨旁心尖视图中评估超声心动图。
胸部X光片和超声心动图指标的平均值如下：脊椎心脏量表，9.12±0.74；脊椎左心房评分，1.5±0.31；肋间间隙，3.17±0.34；心胸比率，0.69±0.07；左心房与主动脉根部比率，1.22±0.14；主肺动脉与主动脉比率，1.22±0.14；左心室舒张末期内径经体重标准化后，1.36±0.19；舒张末期容积指数，51.07±19.6；收缩末期容积指数，16.54±7.45；舒张早期二尖瓣血流峰值速度，73.13±15.46cm/s；二尖瓣血流速度与舒张早期峰值速度之比，1.77±0.47。只有左心室收缩末期内径的百分比增加与体重呈负相关。其余指标与体重均无相关性。
据我们所知，这是第一份涵盖貉胸部X光片和超声心动图指标的病例报告。因此，本研究中建立的胸部X光片和超声心动图指标可用于评估貉的心脏状况。
