Gund Madline Priska, Naim Jusef, Rupf Stefan, Gärtner Barbara, Hannig Matthias
Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Saarland University Hospital, Saarland University, Kirrberger Str. 100, Building 73, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
Chair of Synoptic Dentistry, Homburg, Germany.
Odontology. 2024 Apr;112(2):309-316. doi: 10.1007/s10266-023-00848-3. Epub 2023 Sep 13.
Personal protective equipment (PPE) has long been a high priority in dental aerosol-producing treatments. Since COVID-19 pandemic, its importance has increased yet again. While importance of PPE in preventing transmission and thus possible infection of pathogens is well known, contamination potential of PPE after treatment itself is less investigated. This review aims to give an overview of the current literature and contamination potential (viral, blood, bacterial) of components of protective equipment itself. The literature search was performed using the Medline database; furthermore, a hand search was conducted. Last search took place on 23 November 2022. Two categories of hygiene-related keywords were formed (category A: mask, face shield, goggles, eyewear, personal protective equipment; category B: contamination, aerosol). Each keyword from one category was combined with all keywords from the other one. In addition, the keyword "dental" was always added. First, a title and abstract screening was performed. Afterward, a full-text analysis was followed for the included studies. A total of 648 search hits were found in the Medline database. 47 were included after title and abstract screening. 22 studies were excluded after full-text analysis, 25 studies were included. The hand search resulted in 4 studies that were included. Bacterial contamination of PPE after treatment has been adequately studied, contamination with blood less. Microorganisms mainly originate from the oral and cutaneous flora; however, a transmission of potential pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli was also described. Studies showing transmission pathways starting from PPE and its various components are lacking. No measures have yet been described that fully protect the protective equipment from contamination. There is growing awareness that PPE itself can be a source of pathogen transmission, and thus possible infection. Therefore, not only wearing of protective clothing, but also conscious handling of it is crucial for transmission and possible infection prevention. However, studies showing transmission pathways starting from PPE and its various components are lacking. Several studies have investigated what measures can be taken to protect the protective equipment itself. So far, none of the methods evaluated can prevent contamination of PPE.
个人防护装备（PPE）长期以来一直是牙科产生气溶胶治疗中的高度优先事项。自新冠疫情以来，其重要性再次提高。虽然个人防护装备在预防病原体传播及由此可能导致的感染方面的重要性已广为人知，但治疗后个人防护装备本身的污染可能性研究较少。本综述旨在概述当前文献以及防护装备各组件的污染可能性（病毒、血液、细菌）。使用Medline数据库进行文献检索；此外，还进行了手工检索。最后一次检索于2022年11月23日进行。形成了两类与卫生相关的关键词（A类：口罩、面罩、护目镜、眼镜、个人防护装备；B类：污染、气溶胶）。将一类中的每个关键词与另一类中的所有关键词进行组合。此外，总是添加关键词“牙科”。首先，进行标题和摘要筛选。之后，对纳入的研究进行全文分析。在Medline数据库中总共找到648条搜索结果。标题和摘要筛选后纳入47项。全文分析后排除22项研究，纳入25项研究。手工检索得到4项纳入研究。治疗后个人防护装备的细菌污染已得到充分研究，血液污染的研究较少。微生物主要源自口腔和皮肤菌群；然而也描述了金黄色葡萄球菌或大肠杆菌等潜在病原体的传播情况。缺乏显示从个人防护装备及其各个组件开始的传播途径的研究。尚未描述能完全保护防护装备免受污染的措施。人们越来越意识到个人防护装备本身可能是病原体传播及由此可能导致感染的源头。因此，不仅穿着防护服很重要对于预防传播和可能的感染而言，有意识地处理防护服也至关重要。然而，缺乏显示从个人防护装备及其各个组件开始的传播途径的研究。几项研究调查了可以采取哪些措施来保护防护装备本身。到目前为止，所评估的方法都无法防止个人防护装备的污染。
