Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University Peabody College, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN, 37203-5721, United States of America.
Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2024 Feb;52(2):195-206. doi: 10.1007/s10802-023-01118-0. Epub 2023 Sep 14.
Trauma exposure is associated with a heightened risk for depression and such risk is thought to vary based on the type of traumatic events (e.g., interpersonal, including abuse and domestic violence, or non-interpersonal, including accidents or natural disasters). Depression is often accompanied by altered emotional reactivity, and the late positive potential (LPP) serves as a reliable neurophysiological measure of sustained attention towards emotional stimuli, raising questions regarding the role of the LPP in moderating trauma effects on depression. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 201 adolescents aged 14-17 years (61.2% female) who were oversampled for current depression and elevated risk of depression based on maternal history. Clinical interviews were conducted to assess diagnoses and lifetime trauma exposure, and participants reported on current depressive symptoms. Electroencephalogram (EEG) was continuously recorded while participants completed a previously validated interpersonal emotional images task. Cumulative trauma (CT) and interpersonal trauma (IPT) were both associated with greater depressive symptoms, but non-interpersonal trauma (NIPT) was not significantly related to depressive symptoms. The association between IPT and depressive symptoms was moderated by the LPP to positive interpersonal images, such that IPT-exposed adolescents with blunted neural responses to such images showed the greatest symptoms. This result was specific to IPT, and the LPP to threatening interpersonal images did not significantly moderate the effects of IPT on depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the unique effects of interpersonal trauma on depressive symptoms and elucidate a potential vulnerability linking trauma exposure to depression risk among adolescents.
创伤暴露与抑郁的风险增加有关，而这种风险被认为是基于创伤事件的类型而有所不同（例如，人际间的，包括虐待和家庭暴力，或非人际间的，包括事故或自然灾害）。抑郁通常伴随着情绪反应的改变，而晚正电位（LPP）是一种可靠的神经生理测量方法，用于测量对情绪刺激的持续注意力，这引发了关于 LPP 在调节创伤对抑郁影响中的作用的问题。我们对 201 名 14-17 岁的青少年（61.2%为女性）进行了横断面研究，这些青少年是根据母亲的病史，对当前抑郁和抑郁风险升高进行了过采样。临床访谈用于评估诊断和终生创伤暴露情况，参与者报告了当前的抑郁症状。在参与者完成先前验证过的人际情感图像任务时，连续记录脑电图（EEG）。累积创伤（CT）和人际间创伤（IPT）都与更多的抑郁症状相关，但非人际间创伤（NIPT）与抑郁症状没有显著相关。IPT 与抑郁症状之间的关联受到 LPP 对积极人际图像的调节，即对这些图像反应迟钝的 IPT 暴露青少年表现出最大的症状。这一结果是 IPT 特有的，而 LPP 对威胁性人际图像的反应并没有显著调节 IPT 对抑郁症状的影响。这些发现强调了人际间创伤对抑郁症状的独特影响，并阐明了创伤暴露与青少年抑郁风险之间的潜在脆弱性联系。
