McLaughlin Katie A, Lambert Hilary K
Department of Psychology, University of Washington.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2017 Apr;14:29-34. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.10.004.
Exposure to trauma in childhood is associated with elevated risk for multiple forms of psychopathology. Here we present a biopsychosocial model outlining the mechanisms that link child trauma with psychopathology and protective factors that can mitigate these risk pathways. We focus on four mechanisms of enhanced threat processing: information processing biases that facilitate rapid identification of environmental threats, disruptions in learning mechanisms underlying the acquisition of fear, heightened emotional responses to potential threats, and difficulty disengaging from negative emotional content. Supportive relationships with caregivers, heightened sensitivity to rewarding and positive stimuli, and mature amygdala-prefrontal circuitry each serve as potential buffers of these risk pathways, highlighting novel directions for interventions aimed at preventing the onset of psychopathology following child trauma.
童年时期遭受创伤与多种精神病理学形式的风险升高有关。在此，我们提出一个生物心理社会模型，概述将儿童创伤与精神病理学联系起来的机制以及可以减轻这些风险途径的保护因素。我们关注增强威胁处理的四种机制：有助于快速识别环境威胁的信息处理偏差、恐惧习得背后学习机制的破坏、对潜在威胁的情绪反应增强以及难以摆脱负面情绪内容。与照顾者的支持性关系、对奖励和积极刺激的更高敏感性以及成熟的杏仁核 - 前额叶神经回路均作为这些风险途径的潜在缓冲因素，突出了旨在预防儿童创伤后精神病理学发作的干预措施的新方向。
