Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Ayer Keroh, Melaka, Malaysia.
Faculty of Hospitality, Tourism and Wellness, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan, Malaysia.
PLoS One. 2023 Sep 14;18(9):e0290311. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290311. eCollection 2023.
Informal human milk exchange is the practice of donating and receiving expressed human milk based on mutual consent between the donor and receiver in the need of human milk for infants below 2 years old. Main concerns related to informal human milk exchange is related to milk siblings and safety handling of the expressed breastmilk. Even though there are countries which have policies and procedures related to human milk bank, informal milk exchange has not been given much attention. Compared to human milk bank, informal human milk exchange is not regulated. This study aims to identify the system focused on personalized breastfeeding tracking and monitoring, online discussion forum, web-based consultation, and breastfeeding station locator. Review of current applications in supporting breastfeeding practices was conducted based on the PRISMA-ScR framework. A literature search was conducted in Scopus and Google Scholar databases to identify articles published in English or Malay and containing systems/applications related to breastfeeding, milk sharing, milk exchange, milk siblings/kinship within the societal context. According to the scoping review, current scientific publications mostly focused on breast milk, breastfeeding, and milk banking concerns, with recurring themes including social reasons, lactation insufficiency, and unsolved nursing problems. These themes highlight the complexities and complexities of informal human milk exchange practices. Two reviewers screened the articles, and the data were extracted and narratively synthesized. During the primary database search, 360 articles were found based on the related titles, abstracts, and keywords. Seventy eight met the inclusion criteria and were finalized in this review. We found that most scholarly works focused on breast milk, breastfeeding and milk banking challenges and issues with recurrent themes i.e., societies, lactation inadequacy and unresolved nursing problems. Based on our literature search and to the best of our knowledge, there is no recent scoping reviews which focuses on technology-based approaches on informal human milk exchange. Findings from this scoping review is important for advancing research and practice in this field, as well as improving outcomes for individuals and families affected by informal human milk exchange.
非正规人乳交换是指在 2 岁以下婴儿需要人乳的情况下，捐赠者和接收者之间基于相互同意而进行的捐赠和接收母乳的做法。与非正规人乳交换相关的主要问题与人乳兄弟姐妹和母乳的安全处理有关。尽管有些国家制定了与人乳库相关的政策和程序，但非正规人乳交换并未得到太多关注。与人乳库相比，非正规人乳交换不受监管。本研究旨在确定以个性化母乳喂养跟踪和监测、在线讨论论坛、基于网络的咨询和母乳喂养站定位器为重点的系统。根据 PRISMA-ScR 框架，对支持母乳喂养实践的现有应用程序进行了审查。在 Scopus 和 Google Scholar 数据库中进行了文献检索，以确定以英文或马来文发表的、包含与母乳喂养、母乳共享、母乳交换、社会背景下的母乳兄弟姐妹/亲属关系相关的系统/应用程序的文章。根据范围综述，当前的科学出版物主要关注母乳、母乳喂养和人乳库问题，反复出现的主题包括社会原因、泌乳不足和未解决的护理问题。这些主题突出了非正规人乳交换实践的复杂性和多面性。两名评审员筛选了文章，并提取和叙述性综合了数据。在初步数据库搜索中，根据相关标题、摘要和关键词，共发现 360 篇文章。符合纳入标准的有 78 篇，最终纳入本综述。我们发现，大多数学术研究都集中在母乳、母乳喂养和人乳库的挑战以及反复出现的主题上，即社会、泌乳不足和未解决的护理问题。基于我们的文献搜索，据我们所知，目前还没有关于非正规人乳交换的基于技术的方法的最新范围综述。这项范围综述的结果对于推进该领域的研究和实践以及改善受非正规人乳交换影响的个人和家庭的结果非常重要。
