Svanum S
Int J Addict. 1986 Apr-May;21(4-5):539-58. doi: 10.3109/10826088609083540.
This study sought to more clearly specify and integrate the domain of behaviors that comprise the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-III definition (substance abuse and dependence) and the World Health Organization's definition (alcohol dependence syndrome) of alcoholism. To accomplish this, self-report measures were constructed that assessed the alcohol-related psychosocial problems outlined in the DSM-III as largely necessary for a diagnosis of substance abuse/dependence. The mostly physiological features of alcohol dependence were measured by four scales that reflected key elements in both definitions. After determining that these instruments possessed adequate psychometric properties, the project explored the relationships among alcohol-related problems and dependence within a sample of 420 male and female inpatient alcoholics. Alcohol dependence and psychosocial consequences were substantially correlated. Maximum-likelihood factor analysis suggested a model of three correlated factors that included the physiological components of dependence defined by symptoms of withdrawal, obsessive drinking, and alcohol-related health problems; alcohol-related family/social problems coupled with loss of behavioral control while drinking; and economic/job problems. A fourth and largely independent factor of alcohol-related legal problems also emerged.
本研究旨在更明确地界定并整合构成美国精神病学协会《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版（DSM - III）定义（物质滥用和依赖）以及世界卫生组织酒精中毒定义（酒精依赖综合征）的行为领域。为实现这一目标，构建了自我报告测量方法，以评估DSM - III中概述的与酒精相关的心理社会问题，这些问题在很大程度上是诊断物质滥用/依赖所必需的。通过四个量表测量了酒精依赖的主要生理特征，这些量表反映了两个定义中的关键要素。在确定这些工具具有足够的心理测量特性后，该项目在420名男性和女性住院酒精成瘾者样本中探讨了与酒精相关的问题和依赖之间的关系。酒精依赖与心理社会后果显著相关。最大似然因子分析提出了一个由三个相关因子组成的模型，其中包括由戒断症状、强迫性饮酒和与酒精相关的健康问题所定义的依赖的生理成分；与酒精相关的家庭/社会问题以及饮酒时行为控制的丧失；以及经济/工作问题。还出现了第四个且在很大程度上独立的与酒精相关的法律问题因子。
