College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen, P.R. China.
Graduate School of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Japan.
Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Sep 15;102(37):e35122. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000035122.
Sapiens spondin-2 (SPON2) is a protein found in the extracellular matrix that plays a role in a number of processes, including immune reactions and cell adhesion, and is closely linked to the emergence of a number of tumor types. However, we know very little about Sapiens spondin-2. Therefore, we performed a systematic pan-carcinogenic analysis to explore the relationship between Sapiens spondin-2 and cancers.
By comprehensive use of datasets from TCGA, GEO, GTEx, HPA, CPTAC, GEPIA2, TIMER2, cBioPortal, STRING, we adopted bioinformatics methods to dig up the potential carcinogenesis of SPON2, including dissecting the correlation between SPON2 and gene expression, prognosis, gene mutation, Immunohistochemistry staining, immune cell infiltration, and constructed the interaction network of a total of 54 SPON2-binding proteins as well as explored the enrichment analysis of SPON2-related partners.
The expression of Sapiens spondin-2 in most tumor tissues was higher than that of normal tissues. In addition, SPON2 showed the early diagnostic value in 33 kinds of tumors and was positively or negatively associated with the prognosis of different tumors. It also validates that SPON2 is the gene associated with the majority of immune-infiltrating cells in pan-cancer. High SPON2 expression is associated with tumor progression related pathways.
We found and validated the potential use of SPON2 in cancer detection for the first time through pan-cancer analysis. The expression levels of SPON2 in various tumors were quite different from those in normal tissues. Furthermore, the performance of SPON2 in tumorigenesis and tumor immunity verified our hypothesis. At the same time, it has high specificity and sensitivity in cancer detection. Therefore, SPON2 can be employed as an auxiliary index for the initial diagnosis of tumors and a prognostic marker for various types of tumors.
智人种卷曲相关蛋白 2（SPON2）是一种存在于细胞外基质中的蛋白质，在许多过程中发挥作用，包括免疫反应和细胞黏附，并且与许多肿瘤类型的出现密切相关。然而，我们对智人种卷曲相关蛋白 2 知之甚少。因此，我们进行了系统的泛癌分析，以探讨 SPON2 与癌症之间的关系。
通过综合利用 TCGA、GEO、GTEx、HPA、CPTAC、GEPIA2、TIMER2、cBioPortal、STRING 等数据库中的数据集，我们采用了生物信息学方法挖掘 SPON2 的潜在致癌性，包括剖析 SPON2 与基因表达、预后、基因突变、免疫组化染色、免疫细胞浸润之间的相关性，并构建了共 54 个 SPON2 结合蛋白的相互作用网络，同时探索了 SPON2 相关伙伴的富集分析。
智人种卷曲相关蛋白 2 在大多数肿瘤组织中的表达高于正常组织。此外，SPON2 在 33 种肿瘤中具有早期诊断价值，并且与不同肿瘤的预后呈正相关或负相关。它还验证了 SPON2 是泛癌中与大多数免疫浸润细胞相关的基因。高 SPON2 表达与肿瘤进展相关途径有关。
我们首次通过泛癌分析发现并验证了 SPON2 在癌症检测中的潜在用途。各种肿瘤中 SPON2 的表达水平与正常组织有很大的不同。此外，SPON2 在肿瘤发生和肿瘤免疫中的表现验证了我们的假设。同时，它在癌症检测中具有较高的特异性和敏感性。因此，SPON2 可以作为肿瘤初步诊断的辅助指标和各种类型肿瘤的预后标志物。
