Department of Industrial, Manufacturing, & Systems Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
Department of Industrial, Manufacturing, & Systems Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
Appl Ergon. 2024 Jan;114:104136. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104136. Epub 2023 Sep 14.
A firefighter's situation awareness (SA) is considered crucial to making effective tactical decisions and actions at the scene. Despite the importance of the firefighter's SA, there have been limited research efforts to understand what cues and information firefighters use to assess ongoing situations and predict future conditions. In addition to fire events, contemporary firefighters respond to an increasing volume of non-fire incidents. Thus, this study aims to identify firefighters' SA during three fire incidents (single house fire, vehicle fire, and passenger aircraft fire) and three non-fire incidents (medical emergency, hazardous materials, and urban search and rescue). A goal-directed task analysis was conducted via focus group discussions with eight career firefighters. Findings indicate that firefighters build their SA by processing various cues from hazards (e.g., fire, ignition source), humans (e.g., occupants, bystanders, drivers, passengers), spatial elements (e.g., building structure, location of hazards), and surrounding conditions (e.g., traffic, weather). Our findings provide insights into SA measurement, SA-oriented work processes, training for SA, and designing technologies to support firefighters' SA during all-hazard responses.
消防员的态势感知（SA）被认为对在现场做出有效战术决策和行动至关重要。尽管消防员的 SA 很重要，但对于了解消防员用来评估当前情况和预测未来情况的线索和信息，研究工作还很有限。除了火灾事件外，当代消防员还应对越来越多的非火灾事件做出响应。因此，本研究旨在识别消防员在三个火灾事件（单户火灾、车辆火灾和客机火灾）和三个非火灾事件（医疗紧急情况、危险材料和城市搜索和救援）中的 SA。通过与八名职业消防员的焦点小组讨论进行了目标导向的任务分析。研究结果表明，消防员通过处理来自危险（如火灾、点火源）、人类（如居住者、旁观者、司机、乘客）、空间元素（如建筑物结构、危险位置）和周围环境（如交通、天气）的各种线索来构建他们的 SA。我们的研究结果为 SA 测量、面向 SA 的工作流程、SA 培训以及设计支持消防员在全危险响应中的 SA 的技术提供了深入的见解。
