Xie Xiaodi, Wang Lei, Dong Shanshan, Ge ShanChun, Zhu Ting
Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province; School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
Neural Regen Res. 2024 Mar;19(3):519-528. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.380869.
Local ischemia often causes a series of inflammatory reactions when both brain immune cells and the peripheral immune response are activated. In the human body, the gut and lung are regarded as the key reactional targets that are initiated by brain ischemic attacks. Mucosal microorganisms play an important role in immune regulation and metabolism and affect blood-brain barrier permeability. In addition to the relationship between peripheral organs and central areas and the intestine and lung also interact among each other. Here, we review the molecular and cellular immune mechanisms involved in the pathways of inflammation across the gut-brain axis and lung-brain axis. We found that abnormal intestinal flora, the intestinal microenvironment, lung infection, chronic diseases, and mechanical ventilation can worsen the outcome of ischemic stroke. This review also introduces the influence of the brain on the gut and lungs after stroke, highlighting the bidirectional feedback effect among the gut, lungs, and brain.
当脑免疫细胞和外周免疫反应均被激活时，局部缺血常引发一系列炎症反应。在人体中，肠道和肺被视为由脑缺血发作引发的关键反应靶点。黏膜微生物在免疫调节和代谢中发挥重要作用，并影响血脑屏障通透性。除了外周器官与中枢区域之间的关系外，肠道和肺之间也相互作用。在此，我们综述了肠道-脑轴和肺-脑轴炎症通路中涉及的分子和细胞免疫机制。我们发现，肠道菌群异常、肠道微环境、肺部感染、慢性疾病和机械通气会使缺血性卒中的预后恶化。本综述还介绍了卒中后脑对肠道和肺的影响，强调了肠道、肺和脑之间的双向反馈作用。
