Dou Jie, Jiang Jinzuo, Xue Yangtao, Jiang Xiaoqi, Jiang Yongzhuo, Xiao Peng, Xu Junjie
Department of General Surgery Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China.
National Engineering Research Center of Innovation and Application of Minimally Invasive Instruments Hangzhou China.
MedComm (2020). 2025 Jun 15;6(7):e70249. doi: 10.1002/mco2.70249. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Organs dynamically interact with each other through immunomodulation to create a systemic immune response and influence disease progression. While traditional studies have tended to focus on single-organ immunity, recent studies have placed greater emphasis on reciprocal immune interactions between organs, such as those between the gut, liver, and brain. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these interorgan immune interactions remain unclear. Here, we synthesize the molecular and cellular bases of cross-organ immune regulation in the context of inflammation and neoplasia. Specifically, we describe the immune coordination between the gut, liver, and brain and how they immunomodulate other organs (including the thyroid, lung, cardiovascular system, kidney, bone, and skin). In addition, we explore clinical therapies that target these cross-organ immune modulations, the limitations of the treatments, and the potential benefits for patients. We also conclude by highlighting innovative technologies such as multiomics analysis, machine learning, and organ-on-a-chip platforms, which are providing unprecedented insights into interorgan immunity. Elucidating these mechanisms will advance precision medicine and enable the development of targeted therapies for diseases caused by cross-organ immunity.
器官通过免疫调节相互动态作用，以产生全身性免疫反应并影响疾病进展。虽然传统研究往往侧重于单一器官免疫，但最近的研究更加强调器官之间的相互免疫作用，比如肠道、肝脏和大脑之间的相互作用。然而，这些器官间免疫相互作用的精确机制仍不清楚。在此，我们综合阐述了炎症和肿瘤形成背景下跨器官免疫调节的分子和细胞基础。具体而言，我们描述了肠道、肝脏和大脑之间的免疫协调以及它们如何对其他器官（包括甲状腺、肺、心血管系统、肾脏、骨骼和皮肤）进行免疫调节。此外，我们探讨了针对这些跨器官免疫调节的临床疗法、治疗的局限性以及对患者的潜在益处。我们还强调了多组学分析、机器学习和芯片器官平台等创新技术，这些技术为器官间免疫提供了前所未有的见解。阐明这些机制将推动精准医学发展，并为跨器官免疫引起的疾病开发靶向治疗方法。
