González María Pilar, Cordero-de-Castro Andrea, Salvatierra David, Kholssi Rajaa, Fernandes Marisa Narciso, Blasco Julián, Araújo Cristiano V M, Pereira Camilo Dias Seabra
Department of Ecology and Coastal, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN - CSIC), 11519 Puerto Real, Spain.
Department of Ecology and Coastal, Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (ICMAN - CSIC), 11519 Puerto Real, Spain.
Aquat Toxicol. 2023 Oct;263:106692. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106692. Epub 2023 Sep 9.
Metallurgical industries are a continuous source of air pollution due to the amount of settleable particulate matter (SePM) they release. This SePM is a complex mixture formed by metallic nanoparticles and metals, which reach terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and can be a significant source of contamination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adverse effects of SePM at different levels of biological organization in order to estimate its ecological impacts on aquatic ecosystems. For this purpose, the crustacean Daphnia magna was exposed to different concentrations of SePM (0.01, 0.1, 1, 5, 10 g/L) using a multi-level response approach. The endpoints studied were: avoidance throughout 24 h in a non-forced exposure system, reproduction (total number of neonates per female after 21 days of exposure), acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) after 48 h, and finally, the feeding rates during a short-term exposure (48 h) and a long-term exposure (21 day + 48 h). There was a negative effect of SePM on all responses measured at high concentrations. The avoidance was concentration-dependent and represented 88 % and 100 % at the two highest concentrations. The AChE activity was significantly inhibited at 5 and 10 g/L. The total number of neonates increased from 1 g/L of SePM and the first brood occurred earlier as of 5 g/L compared to control. The post-exposure feeding rates were lower during long-term exposure at the highest concentration. Chemical analyses were performed to characterize the metals present in this SePM, but this study did not report any direct relationship with toxicity, due to the chemical heterogeneity of the particles. The emission of compounds caused by anthropogenic activity may have significant ecological consequences, so it is important to consider these possible effects on aquatic biota generated by the mixture of metals present in SePM originated from metallurgical activities. Environmental and sectorial regulations are needed to prevent contamination and ecological disturbances.
冶金行业因其排放的可沉降颗粒物（SePM）而一直是空气污染的源头。这种SePM是由金属纳米颗粒和金属形成的复杂混合物，会进入陆地和水生生态系统，可能成为重要的污染源。本研究的目的是评估SePM在不同生物组织水平上的不利影响，以估计其对水生生态系统的生态影响。为此，采用多层次响应方法，将大型溞暴露于不同浓度的SePM（0.01、0.1、1、5、10 g/L）中。研究的终点指标包括：在非强制暴露系统中24小时内的回避行为、繁殖（暴露21天后每只雌性的幼体总数）、48小时后的乙酰胆碱酯酶活性（AChE），以及最后短期暴露（48小时）和长期暴露（21天 + 48小时）期间的摄食率。高浓度下，SePM对所有测量响应均有负面影响。回避行为呈浓度依赖性，在两个最高浓度下分别为88%和100%。5和10 g/L时，AChE活性受到显著抑制。从1 g/L的SePM开始，幼体总数增加，与对照组相比，5 g/L及以上时首次产仔时间提前。在最高浓度下长期暴露后，暴露后的摄食率较低。进行了化学分析以表征该SePM中存在的金属，但由于颗粒的化学异质性，本研究未报告其与毒性的任何直接关系。人为活动引起的化合物排放可能产生重大生态后果，因此，考虑SePM中源自冶金活动的金属混合物对水生生物群产生的这些可能影响非常重要。需要环境和行业法规来防止污染和生态干扰。
