Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur, India.
Department of Psychiatry, AIIMS Bibinagar, Hyderabad, India.
Early Interv Psychiatry. 2024 May;18(5):346-354. doi: 10.1111/eip.13470. Epub 2023 Sep 19.
Cannabis use disorders are global emerging problem nowadays, with high prevalence and morbidity. Cognitive impairments, and also corresponding genetic vulnerability, has been fairly replicated in individuals with cannabis dependence. However, there are few studies that assess cognitive functioning as an endophenotype or a trait marker for cannabis dependence. While the primary objective of this study was to assess the endophenotype pattern of cognitive dysfunction in cannabis dependence, assessing the association between the degree of cognitive functioning, and their socio-demographic and clinical variables in the cannabis dependence patients and their first-degree relatives was the secondary objective.
We compared cognitive functioning across three groups- patients with cannabis dependence syndrome, their 'non-user' first-degree relatives and healthy controls, with 30 participants in each group. Five cognitive domains- attention and concentration, verbal fluency, memory, visuospatial ability and executive functions were assessed. We assessed for endophenotype pattern of statistical significance in pairwise analyses of Kruskal-Wallis test, which was corrected for multiple comparisons. Subsequently, correlation analysis to assess association of cognitive impairment with socio-demographic and clinical variables was conducted.
Although impairment in attention and executive functions also was seen in patients with cannabis dependence, endophenotype pattern of statistical significance in pairwise analyses, with impairment in first-degree relatives too, was seen in all sub-scores of verbal fluency and verbal memory. None of the correlations were significant.
'Non-user' first-degree relatives of patients with cannabis dependence too show significant cognitive impairment. Verbal fluency and verbal memory are possible endophenotypes or trait markers for cannabis dependence syndrome.
如今，大麻使用障碍是全球新兴问题，其患病率和发病率都很高。认知障碍，以及相应的遗传易感性，在大麻依赖个体中得到了相当多的复制。然而，评估认知功能作为大麻依赖的内表型或特征标志物的研究较少。虽然这项研究的主要目的是评估大麻依赖中认知功能障碍的内表型模式，但评估认知功能的程度与其社会人口统计学和临床变量之间的关联，无论是在大麻依赖患者还是他们的一级亲属中，都是次要目标。
我们比较了三组人群的认知功能——大麻依赖综合征患者、他们的“非使用者”一级亲属和健康对照组，每组有 30 名参与者。评估了五个认知领域——注意力和集中力、言语流畅性、记忆、视空间能力和执行功能。我们进行了 Kruskal-Wallis 检验的成对分析，以评估统计显著性的内表型模式，并对多次比较进行了校正。随后，进行了相关性分析，以评估认知障碍与社会人口统计学和临床变量的关联。
尽管大麻依赖患者也存在注意力和执行功能障碍，但在言语流畅性和言语记忆的所有子评分中，也存在一级亲属的统计学显著内表型模式，存在认知障碍。没有相关性是显著的。
大麻依赖患者的“非使用者”一级亲属也表现出明显的认知障碍。言语流畅性和言语记忆可能是大麻依赖综合征的内表型或特征标志物。
