Orbit & Oculofacial Surgery, Ophthalmic Oncology, Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Department of Ophthalmology, Amai Pakpak Medical Center, Marawi City, Philippines.
Orbit. 2024 Oct;43(5):656-673. doi: 10.1080/01676830.2023.2256848. Epub 2023 Sep 20.
Traditionally, for patients who are poor candidates for surgery and/or radiotherapy, palliative chemotherapy is often offered but with significant toxic side effects. However, recent advancements in our understanding of tumor biology and molecular genetics have brought new understanding to the molecular pathways of certain tumors and cancers. This has ushered in a new era of precision medicine specific to a tumor or cancer treatment pathway (targeted therapy) or directed to host-tumor responses (immunotherapy). This article will focus on recent updates in the application of available targeted and immunotherapy for managing orbital and periorbital tumors and tumor-like conditions, which include cutaneous basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, cutaneous melanoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, solitary fibrous tumor, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, orbital meningioma, neurofibromatosis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, ocular adnexal lymphoma, orbital lymphatic malformation, and adenoid cystic carcinoma.
传统上，对于不适合手术和/或放疗的患者，常提供姑息性化疗，但具有明显的毒副作用。然而，我们对肿瘤生物学和分子遗传学的理解的最新进展，为某些肿瘤和癌症的分子途径带来了新的认识。这开创了精准医学的新时代，针对特定的肿瘤或癌症治疗途径（靶向治疗）或针对宿主-肿瘤反应（免疫治疗）。本文将重点介绍目前在管理眼眶和眶周肿瘤和肿瘤样病变方面，应用现有靶向治疗和免疫治疗的最新进展，这些病变包括皮肤基底细胞癌、皮肤鳞状细胞癌、皮肤黑色素瘤、默克尔细胞癌、皮脂腺癌、孤立性纤维瘤、隆突性皮肤纤维肉瘤、眼眶脑膜瘤、神经纤维瘤病、朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症、眼附属器淋巴瘤、眼眶淋巴管畸形和腺样囊性癌。
