School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Sep;31(41):53895-53919. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-29905-8. Epub 2023 Sep 21.
Karanja oil blended with diesel acts as a good alternative for a CI engine due to its low emission and high oxygen content as compared to pure diesel which leads to the non-toxic and biodegradable nature of the fuel. The objective of this project is to enhance the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine that runs on biofuel by accurately calibrating its fuel injector control parameters. To achieve this goal, the project focuses on creating optimal split injector control maps using a novel global model-based calibration approach that considers the entire range of engine speed-load conditions. To develop the model, the experimentation was conducted using the I-optimal design of the experiment technique. To establish a relationship between the calibration parameters and engine performance parameters based on experimental data, the study employed response surface methodology (RSM). With the support of a developed model and multi-objective optimization approach under equivalent importance to performance and emissions, the optimum injector control points are derived. For the developed engine map for 20% KBD (Karanja bio-diesel)-blended fuel, the BTE (brake thermal efficiency) reaches up to 30% and lower BSFC (brake specific fuel consumption) of 0.37 kg/kW-hr. After optimization, the split injector control map showed significant improvements over the un-optimized map. At 19 Nm and 3000 rpm, the optimized map resulted in a 31.36% increase in BTE and a 29.31% decrease in BSFC. Moreover, the optimization successfully balanced the trade-off between reducing nitrogen oxide (NO) emissions and smoke emissions. However, the optimized fuel map for 20% KBD-blended fuel shows slightly lower performance compared to diesel fuel. While the optimization process led to a decrease in smoke emissions about 22.3%, it also resulted in elevated NO emissions about 9.83% when compared to diesel fuel. Furthermore, emissions of CO and HC are reduced by 12.8% and 19.2%, respectively, in an optimized control map of 20% KBD-blended fuel compared to un-optimized map.
桐油混合柴油作为一种很好的替代物，可用于 CI 发动机，因为与纯柴油相比，它的排放量低，含氧量高，从而使燃料具有无毒和可生物降解的特性。本项目的目的是通过准确校准其燃料喷射器控制参数来提高使用生物燃料的柴油发动机的性能和排放特性。为了实现这一目标，该项目专注于使用新颖的基于全局模型的校准方法创建最佳的分体式喷油器控制图，该方法考虑了发动机转速-负载条件的整个范围。为了开发模型，使用实验设计的 I-最优设计进行了实验。为了根据实验数据在标定参数和发动机性能参数之间建立关系，该研究采用了响应面法（RSM）。在开发的模型和多目标优化方法的支持下，该方法对性能和排放同等重要，得出了最佳的喷油器控制点。对于开发的 20%KBD（桐油生物柴油）混合燃料的发动机图谱，BTE（制动热效率）高达 30%，BSFC（比燃油消耗率）低至 0.37kg/kW-hr。经过优化后，分体式喷油器控制图与未优化的图谱相比有了显著的改进。在 19Nm 和 3000rpm 时，优化后的图谱使 BTE 增加了 31.36%，BSFC 降低了 29.31%。此外，优化成功地平衡了减少氮氧化物（NO）排放和烟雾排放之间的权衡。然而，对于 20%KBD 混合燃料的优化燃料图谱，其性能略低于柴油燃料。虽然优化过程使烟雾排放降低了约 22.3%，但与柴油相比，NO 排放也增加了约 9.83%。此外，与未优化的图谱相比，在 20%KBD 混合燃料的优化控制图谱中，CO 和 HC 的排放量分别减少了 12.8%和 19.2%。
