Alam Mohammad Khursheed, Zaman Mahmud Uz, Alqhtani Nasser Raqe, Alqahtani Abdullah Saad, Alqahtani Fawaz, Cicciù Marco, Minervini Giuseppe
Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Skaka, Saudi Arabia.
Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
J Oral Rehabil. 2024 Feb;51(2):416-426. doi: 10.1111/joor.13589. Epub 2023 Sep 20.
The present review aimed to investigate the association between salivary biomarkers and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). TMD is a multifactorial condition characterised by pain and dysfunction in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and surrounding structures. Salivary biomarkers have emerged as potential diagnostic tools due to their non-invasiveness and easy accessibility. However, the literature on salivary biomarkers in relation to TMD is limited and inconsistent.
Electronic databases of Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, PsychINFO, CINAHL and Medline were searched using specific search terms and Boolean operators. The search was limited to articles published in English that assessed salivary biomarkers in individuals diagnosed with TMD. Two reviewers independently screened the articles and extracted data. ROB-2 was used to assess the risk of bias.
Eleven clinical papers met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The findings provided consistent evidence of a clear association between salivary biomarkers and TMD. Various biomarkers, including cortisol, IL-1, glutamate and several others, were assessed. Some studies reported higher levels of cortisol and IL-1 in TMD patients, indicating potential involvement in stress and inflammation. Glutamate levels were found to be elevated, suggesting a role in pain modulation. Other biomarkers also showed alterations in TMD patients compared to controls: CONCLUSION: The findings from the included studies suggest that salivary biomarkers may play a role in TMD pathophysiology. Though a definitive conclusion can be drawn regarding the specific salivary biomarkers and their association with TMD, the results must be interpreted with caution considering the heterogeneity of the biomarkers assessed. Further research with larger sample sizes, standardised methodology and rigorous study designs is needed to elucidate the role of salivary biomarkers in TMD.
本综述旨在研究唾液生物标志物与颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）之间的关联。TMD是一种多因素疾病，其特征为颞下颌关节（TMJ）及周围结构疼痛和功能障碍。唾液生物标志物因其非侵入性和易于获取，已成为潜在的诊断工具。然而，关于唾液生物标志物与TMD的文献有限且不一致。
使用特定检索词和布尔运算符检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Scopus、Cochrane图书馆、PsychINFO、CINAHL和Medline等电子数据库。检索仅限于以英文发表的评估TMD确诊个体唾液生物标志物的文章。两名评审员独立筛选文章并提取数据。采用ROB-2评估偏倚风险。
11篇临床论文符合纳入标准并被纳入综述。研究结果提供了一致的证据，表明唾液生物标志物与TMD之间存在明确关联。评估了多种生物标志物，包括皮质醇、白细胞介素-1、谷氨酸等。一些研究报告TMD患者的皮质醇和白细胞介素-1水平较高，表明可能参与了应激和炎症反应。发现谷氨酸水平升高，提示其在疼痛调节中起作用。与对照组相比，TMD患者的其他生物标志物也显示出变化。
纳入研究的结果表明，唾液生物标志物可能在TMD的病理生理学中起作用。尽管对于特定的唾液生物标志物及其与TMD的关联可以得出明确结论，但考虑到所评估生物标志物的异质性，结果必须谨慎解释。需要进一步开展样本量更大、方法标准化且研究设计严谨的研究，以阐明唾液生物标志物在TMD中的作用。
