Mori T, Akashi S, Takeoka K, Yoshinaka M
Sangyo Igaku. 1986 May;28(3):189-96. doi: 10.1539/joh1959.28.189.
Welding fumes were generated from several kinds of low hydrogen type electrodes which changed the atmosphere with use of various gases, such air, Ar, CO2 and N2, and were collected in water with an impinger. These fumes were analyzed by X-ray refractometry and chemical analysis, and pH of their collecting water was measured. Based on these results, this paper discusses the mechanism of scattering K and Na in fumes from low hydrogen welding which are considered to be the sources of respiratory tract irritation. All sample fumes from low hydrogen welding in several atmospheric conditions contained fluorite (CaF2). The pH of water in which all sample fumes were collected remarkably elevated. Chemical composition ratios of both K2O and Na2O in all sample fumes were larger than those in coating materials. The sample fumes from welding in each of both N2 and CO2 atmosphere showed higher ratios of K2O and Na2O than those in Ar. The conclusions obtained from the discussion are as follows: The potential gradient of the arc becomes larger during welding in the atmosphere with use of N2 or CO2 because the dissociation voltage of N2 and CO2 is very low. Furthermore, fluorite (CaF2) makes the slag more fluid. Then, K and Na become easily dispersed from the arc column of low hydrogen welding.
几种低氢型焊条在使用空气、氩气、二氧化碳和氮气等各种气体改变气氛的情况下产生焊接烟尘，并通过冲击式吸收管收集到水中。采用X射线折射法和化学分析法对这些烟尘进行分析，并测量其收集水的pH值。基于这些结果，本文探讨了低氢焊接烟尘中钾和钠的散射机制，这些钾和钠被认为是呼吸道刺激的来源。在几种大气条件下低氢焊接产生的所有烟尘样品均含有萤石（CaF2）。收集所有烟尘样品的水的pH值显著升高。所有烟尘样品中K2O和Na2O的化学成分比例均高于涂料中的比例。在氮气和二氧化碳气氛中焊接产生的烟尘样品中K2O和Na2O的比例均高于氩气气氛中的比例。讨论得出的结论如下：在使用氮气或二氧化碳的气氛中焊接时，电弧的电位梯度会变大，因为氮气和二氧化碳的分解电压非常低。此外，萤石（CaF2）使熔渣更具流动性。然后，钾和钠很容易从低氢焊接的电弧柱中分散出来。
