Saito H, Ojima J, Takaya M, Iwasaki T, Hisanaga N, Tanaka S, Arito H
National Institute of Industrial Health, Kawasaki, Japan.
Ind Health. 2000 Jan;38(1):69-78. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.38.69.
Concentrations of fumes, ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO), manganese (Mn) and total and hexavalent chromium (Cr) as well as size distribution of fumes were measured at a point corresponding to the welder's breathing zone during CO2-arc welding, using a welding robot and three kinds of wires. Concentrations of fumes, O3, CO, Mn and total-Cr were found to exceed their corresponding occupational exposure limit (OEL) values, while the concentrations of NO and Cr(VI) were below those OEL levels. Airborne concentration of Mn exceeded its OEL value, and the Mn content was 8 times higher in welding fumes than in the wire. Using an additive equation of OEL and exposure concentration of each hazardous component, health risk in welders with combined exposure to welding fumes and gases was assessed as 18.6 to 46.0 times of OEL, which exceeded the unity. This finding suggests that effective protection of welders from the exposure can be attained by use of the supplied-air respirator or combined use of a dust respirator and a local exhaust system.
在使用焊接机器人和三种焊丝进行二氧化碳电弧焊期间，在与焊工呼吸区相对应的位置测量了烟尘、臭氧（O₃）、一氧化碳（CO）、一氧化氮（NO）、锰（Mn）以及总铬和六价铬（Cr）的浓度，同时还测量了烟尘的粒径分布。结果发现，烟尘、O₃、CO、Mn和总铬的浓度超过了各自相应的职业接触限值（OEL），而NO和Cr(VI)的浓度低于这些OEL水平。空气中Mn的浓度超过了其OEL值，并且焊接烟尘中的Mn含量比焊丝中的高8倍。使用OEL与各有害成分暴露浓度的相加公式，评估了同时暴露于焊接烟尘和气体的焊工的健康风险为OEL的18.6至46.0倍，超过了1。这一发现表明，通过使用供气式呼吸器或同时使用防尘呼吸器和局部排气系统，可以有效保护焊工免受暴露危害。
