Research on Black Women and Breastfeeding: Assessing Publication Trends (1980-2020).

Research on race/ethnicity and breastfeeding has consistently found lower rates for Black mothers compared with other U.S. women, due to various social, cultural, and historical factors. Aggregate analyses illuminate racial/ethnic differences, but they only provide partial insight into the factors contextualizing breastfeeding decisions and rates. We examined articles addressing Black women and breastfeeding (1980-2020) to assess publication trends. A targeted literature search in PubMed for research on Black women and breastfeeding (1980-2020). The search used nine different keyword combinations: ("breastfeeding" OR "lactation" OR "infant feeding,") AND ("rac*" OR "African American" OR "Black"). After removing duplicates, non-U.S. research, and irrelevant articles, 221 articles were reviewed. Articles were coded for year, type (quantitative, qualitative, mixed method, conceptual/literature review, commentary/editorial), and journal target audience (e.g., nursing). More than 50% of all articles were published after 2013. The period of 2018-2020 accounts for 25% of all published articles. The research is also mostly quantitative (60.2%). Qualitative studies made up only 16.7% of articles. A few studies used mixed methods (5%). More than half of all qualitative studies were published after 2014. Research on Black women and breastfeeding has slowly increased since 1980, but much of the work has only been done post-2000. Research is also mostly quantitative analyses. Quantitative and qualitative methods rely on different research aims, styles, and objectives. To provide a fuller understanding of Black women's relationship to and experience of breastfeeding, we suggest that scholars cultivate a stronger focus on qualitative and mixed methods for future research.