Andoh Joana E, Mir Tahreem A, Teng Christopher C, Wang Emily A, Nwanyanwu Kristen
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Solomon Center for Health Law and Policy, Yale Law School, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
J Correct Health Care. 2023 Oct;29(5):329-337. doi: 10.1089/jchc.22.07.0056. Epub 2023 Sep 21.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with visual impairment among adults with a history of criminal justice involvement (CJI). This retrospective, cross-sectional study reviewed adult respondents from the 2015-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. We analyzed sociodemographic and health characteristics to determine factors associated with visual impairment among adults with and without a history of CJI. In this national, population-based study, we found similar rates of visual impairment among adults with and without CJI (5.7% vs. 4.2%, < .001). However, adults with CJI were more likely to report visual impairment at a younger age. Among adults with CJI, visual impairment was associated with female sex, older age, Black/African American race, less education, lower income, and chronic health conditions (including diabetes, heart disease, respiratory illness, mental health symptoms, and hearing impairment). CJI in the past year (probation [adjusted odds ratio, AOR, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, CI, 0.53-0.93]; one arrest [AOR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.14-1.89]; two or more arrests [AOR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.29-2.33]) was uniquely associated with visual impairment among adults with a CJI history ( < .05 for all relationships). Research, screening, and treatment for visual impairment should include those with justice involvement to improve health equity.
本研究的目的是调查有刑事司法介入（CJI）史的成年人中视力障碍的患病率及其相关因素。这项回顾性横断面研究对2015 - 2018年全国药物使用和健康调查中的成年受访者进行了回顾。我们分析了社会人口统计学和健康特征，以确定有和没有CJI史的成年人中与视力障碍相关的因素。在这项基于全国人口的研究中，我们发现有和没有CJI史的成年人中视力障碍发生率相似（5.7%对4.2%，P <.001）。然而，有CJI史的成年人更有可能在较年轻时报告视力障碍。在有CJI史的成年人中，视力障碍与女性、年龄较大、黑人/非裔美国人种族、教育程度较低、收入较低以及慢性健康状况（包括糖尿病、心脏病、呼吸系统疾病、心理健康症状和听力障碍）有关。过去一年中的CJI（缓刑[调整后的优势比，AOR，0.70；95%置信区间，CI，0.53 - 0.93]；一次逮捕[AOR，1.47；95% CI，1.14 - 1.89]；两次或更多次逮捕[AOR，1.73；95% CI，1.29 - 2.33]）在有CJI史的成年人中与视力障碍有独特的关联（所有关系P <.05）。针对视力障碍的研究、筛查和治疗应包括那些有司法介入经历的人，以改善健康公平性。
