Nkonge Ken M, Nkonge Dennis K, Nkonge Teresa N
University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya.
McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
Diabetes Ther. 2023 Nov;14(11):1801-1831. doi: 10.1007/s13300-023-01468-4. Epub 2023 Sep 22.
The discovery of insulin was presented to the international medical community on May 3, 1922. Since then, insulin has become one of the most effective pharmacological agents used to treat type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the initiation and intensification of insulin therapy is often delayed in people living with type 2 diabetes due to numerous challenges associated with daily subcutaneous administration. Reducing the frequency of injections, using insulin pens instead of syringes and vials, simplifying treatment regimens, or administering insulin through alternative routes may help improve adherence to and persistence with insulin therapy among people living with diabetes. As the world commemorates the centennial of the commercialization of insulin, the aims of this article are to provide an overview of insulin therapy and to summarize clinically significant findings from phase 3 clinical trials evaluating less frequent dosing of insulin and the non-injectable administration of insulin.
1922年5月3日，胰岛素的发现被提交给了国际医学界。从那时起，胰岛素已成为治疗1型和2型糖尿病最有效的药物之一。然而，由于每日皮下注射带来的诸多挑战，2型糖尿病患者的胰岛素治疗起始和强化往往会延迟。减少注射频率、使用胰岛素笔而非注射器和药瓶、简化治疗方案或通过替代途径注射胰岛素，可能有助于提高糖尿病患者对胰岛素治疗的依从性和持续性。在世界纪念胰岛素商业化百年之际，本文旨在概述胰岛素治疗，并总结评估较少频率给药的胰岛素和非注射给药胰岛素的3期临床试验的临床重要发现。
