Department of Public Health and Social Sciences, Kazakhstan Medical University "KSPH", Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department of Public Health and Social Sciences, Kazakhstan Medical University "KSPH", Almaty, Kazakhstan.
BMJ Open. 2023 Sep 22;13(9):e074097. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074097.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection linked to certain types of malignant neoplasms, notably cervical cancer (CC). In Kazakhstan, a high prevalence of high oncogenic HPV types (HR-HPV) has been observed, and CC ranks as the second most common malignancy among women with a crude incidence rate of 18.3 cases per 100 000 women. The HPV vaccine, developed as the primary prevention measure against HPV infection, including the most prevalent HR-HPV, received approval from the WHO in 2009. In 2014, Kazakhstan initiated HPV vaccination as a pilot project in four sub-national regions; however, it was later in 2017 discontinued due to widespread parental refusal influenced by negative media reports. This study aims to examine knowledge, attitudes, information sources, barriers to HPV vaccination and factors associated with HPV vaccination hesitancy among different target groups in Kazakhstan prior to the HPV vaccine re-launch announced by the Ministry of Health.
This mixed-method-designed research comprises quantitative and qualitative components. Data on HPV awareness, attitudes towards HPV vaccination and sources of information will be collected through an online survey administered by parents and legal guardians, health professionals, and schoolteachers in the Republic of Kazakhstan between January 2023 and January 2024. Additionally, qualitative data on Kazakhstani parental beliefs and attitudes toward HPV vaccination will be collected through online focus group discussions.
The study has been approved by the local ethics committee at the Kazakhstan Medical University "Higher School of Public Health" (KMU "KSPH") (No. 138 of 31.05.2021). The results will be reported in publications, at conferences among researchers and healthcare and school education professionals in Kazakhstan, and internationally.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）是一种常见的性传播感染，与某些类型的恶性肿瘤有关，尤其是宫颈癌（CC）。在哈萨克斯坦，观察到高致癌 HPV 型（HR-HPV）的高流行率，CC 在女性中是第二常见的恶性肿瘤，粗发病率为每 10 万名女性 18.3 例。HPV 疫苗是作为 HPV 感染的主要预防措施开发的，包括最常见的 HR-HPV，于 2009 年获得世界卫生组织（WHO）的批准。2014 年，哈萨克斯坦在四个国家以下地区启动了 HPV 疫苗接种试点项目；然而，由于受负面媒体报道影响的广泛父母拒绝，该项目于 2017 年被停止。本研究旨在在哈萨克斯坦卫生部宣布重新推出 HPV 疫苗之前，检查不同目标群体对 HPV 疫苗的知识、态度、信息来源、HPV 疫苗接种障碍以及与 HPV 疫苗犹豫相关的因素。
这项混合方法设计的研究包括定量和定性部分。HPV 意识、对 HPV 疫苗接种的态度以及信息来源的数据将通过在哈萨克斯坦共和国的父母和法定监护人、卫生专业人员和学校教师中进行的在线调查收集。此外，还将通过在线焦点小组讨论收集哈萨克斯坦父母对 HPV 疫苗接种的信仰和态度的定性数据。
该研究已获得哈萨克斯坦医科大学“高等公共卫生学院”（KMU“KSPH”）地方伦理委员会的批准（2021 年 5 月 31 日第 138 号）。研究结果将在出版物、哈萨克斯坦研究人员和医疗保健以及学校教育专业人员的会议以及国际会议上报告。
