Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA.
Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA.
J Biomed Mater Res A. 2024 Aug;112(8):1224-1240. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.37615. Epub 2023 Sep 23.
Pharmaceutical drugs, including vaccines, pre- and post-exposure prophylactics, and chronic drug therapies, are crucial tools in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. These drugs have the ability to increase survival and improve patient quality of life; however, infectious diseases still accounted for more than 10.2 million deaths in 2019 before the COVID-19 pandemic. High mortality can be, in part, attributed to challenges in the availability of adequate drugs and vaccines, limited accessibility, poor drug bioavailability, the high cost of some treatments, and low patient adherence. A majority of these factors are logistical rather than technical challenges, providing an opportunity for existing drugs and vaccines to be improved through formulation. Injectable controlled-release drug delivery systems are one class of formulations that have the potential to overcome many of these limitations by releasing their contents in a sustained manner to reduce the need for frequent re-administration and improve clinical outcomes. This review provides an overview of injectable controlled drug delivery platforms, including microparticles, nanoparticles, and injectable gels, detailing recent developments using these systems for single-injection vaccination, long-acting prophylaxis, and sustained-release treatments for infectious disease.
药物，包括疫苗、暴露前和暴露后预防药物以及慢性药物治疗，是预防和治疗传染病的重要工具。这些药物可以提高生存率并改善患者的生活质量；然而，在 COVID-19 大流行之前的 2019 年，传染病仍导致超过 1020 万人死亡。高死亡率部分归因于足够的药物和疫苗供应不足、获取途径有限、药物生物利用度差、一些治疗方法的成本高以及患者依从性低等挑战。这些因素中的大多数是后勤方面的挑战，而不是技术方面的挑战，为通过制剂改进现有药物和疫苗提供了机会。可注射的控释药物递送系统是一类制剂，通过以持续的方式释放其内容物，有可能克服许多这些限制，减少频繁再给药的需求，并改善临床结果。本综述概述了可注射的控释药物递送平台，包括微球、纳米颗粒和可注射凝胶，详细介绍了最近使用这些系统进行单次注射疫苗接种、长效预防和传染病的缓释治疗的进展。
