College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
Environ Pollut. 2023 Nov 15;337:122605. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122605. Epub 2023 Sep 22.
Glufosinateammonium (GLA) is one of the most widely used agricultural herbicides. It is frequently detected in surface waters near farmland and may pose a risk to non-target aquatic species. This study aimed to explore the toxicity of subacute GLA exposure in crayfish. Adult red swamp crayfish were exposed to GLA (0, 1, 10, and 100 mg/L) for 21 days. Bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, nonspecific immunity, and the expression of genes encoding xenobiotic detoxification-related enzymes were examined. The results showed GLA accumulation and hepatopancreatic histopathological changes (dilation of hepatic tubules and vacuolation of hepatocytes) in the exposed crayfish. GLA exposure induced ROS production, inhibited glutathione expression, and catalase activity in the crayfish hepatopancreas, as well as inhibited immunoenzyme expression (acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and lysozyme) in the hemolymph. In addition, the total hemocyte number decreased, and the proportion of hemocyte subsets changed significantly. Superoxide dismutase first increased and then decreased with increasing GLA dosage. GLA promoted the expression of biotransformation enzymes (cypb5, gst) in the hepatopancreas. Our results suggest that subacute GLA exposure caused structural damage to the hepatopancreatic tissue and decreased antioxidant capacity and non-specific immunity in crayfish. These findings provide insight into the toxicity of herbicides on non-target organisms.
草铵膦（GLA）是应用最广泛的农业除草剂之一。它经常在农田附近的地表水检测到，可能对非靶标水生生物构成威胁。本研究旨在探讨亚急性 GLA 暴露对淡水小龙虾的毒性。成年红螯螯虾被暴露在 GLA（0、1、10 和 100mg/L）中 21 天。检测了生物蓄积、氧化应激、非特异性免疫和编码外源物质解毒相关酶的基因表达。结果表明，暴露于 GLA 的小龙虾体内有 GLA 蓄积和肝胰腺组织病理学变化（肝小管扩张和肝细胞空泡化）。GLA 暴露诱导了小龙虾肝胰腺中 ROS 的产生、谷胱甘肽表达和过氧化氢酶活性的抑制，以及血淋巴中免疫酶（酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶和溶菌酶）表达的抑制。此外，总血细胞数减少，血细胞亚群的比例发生了显著变化。超氧化物歧化酶的含量先增加后减少，随着 GLA 剂量的增加而减少。GLA 促进了肝胰腺中生物转化酶（cypb5、gst）的表达。我们的结果表明，亚急性 GLA 暴露导致小龙虾肝胰腺组织结构损伤，降低了其抗氧化能力和非特异性免疫力。这些发现为了解除草剂对非靶标生物的毒性提供了依据。
