School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China.
School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Dec 20;905:167280. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167280. Epub 2023 Sep 22.
To highlight how biochar affects the interaction between inorganic nitrogen species (ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and nitrite nitrogen: NH-N, NO¯-N, and NO¯-N) and phosphorus species (calcium phosphate, iron phosphate, and aluminum phosphate: CaP, FeP and AlP) in soil and plant uptake of these nutrients, walnut shell (WS)- and corn cob (CC)-derived biochars (0.5 %, 1 %, 2 %, and 4 %, w/w) were added to a weakly alkaline soil, and then Chinese cabbages were planted. The results showed that the changes in soil inorganic nitrogen were related to biochar feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, and application rate. For soil under the active nitrification condition (dominant NO¯-N), a significant decrease in the NH-N/NO¯-N ratio after biochar addition indicates enhanced nitrification (excluding WS-derived biochars at 2 % and 4 %), which can be explained by the most positive response of ammonia-oxidizing archaeal amoA to biochar addition. The CC-derived biochar more effectively enhanced soil nitrification than WS-derived biochar did. The addition of 4 % of biochars significantly increased soil inorganic phosphorus, and the addition of CC-derived biochars more effectively increased CaP than WS-derived biochars. Biochars significantly decreased plant uptake of phosphorus, while generally had little influence on plant uptake of nitrogen. Interestingly, NO¯-N in soil significantly positively correlated with total phosphorus in both soil and plant, and significantly negatively correlated with phoC, indicating that a certain degree of NO¯-N accumulation in soil slightly facilitated plant uptake of phosphorus but inhibited phoC-harboring bacteria. The NO¯-N in soil significantly positively correlated with CaP and CaP, while the NH-N/NO¯-N ratio significantly negatively correlated with CaP and FeP, indicating that the enhanced nitrification seemed to facilitate the change in phosphorus to readly available ones. This study will help determine how to scientifically and rationally use biochar to regulate inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus species in soil and plant uptake of these nutrients.
为了强调生物炭如何影响土壤中无机氮物种（铵氮、硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮：NH-N、NO₃--N 和 NO₂--N）和磷物种（磷酸钙、磷酸铁和磷酸铝：CaP、FeP 和 AlP）之间的相互作用，以及植物对这些养分的吸收，向弱碱性土壤中添加了由核桃壳（WS）和玉米芯（CC）衍生的生物炭（0.5%、1%、2%和 4%，w/w），然后种植了中国白菜。结果表明，土壤无机氮的变化与生物炭原料、热解温度和施用量有关。对于处于活性硝化条件下的土壤（主导的 NO₃--N），生物炭添加后 NH-N/NO₃--N 比值显著降低表明硝化作用增强（2%和 4%的 WS 衍生生物炭除外），这可以用氨氧化古菌 amoA 对生物炭添加的最积极响应来解释。CC 衍生的生物炭比 WS 衍生的生物炭更有效地增强了土壤硝化作用。添加 4%的生物炭显著增加了土壤无机磷，而 CC 衍生的生物炭比 WS 衍生的生物炭更有效地增加了 CaP。生物炭显著降低了植物对磷的吸收，而对植物对氮的吸收一般影响不大。有趣的是，土壤中的 NO₃--N 与土壤和植物中的总磷呈显著正相关，与 phoC 呈显著负相关，表明土壤中一定程度的 NO₃--N 积累略微促进了植物对磷的吸收，但抑制了 phoC 携带的细菌。土壤中的 NO₃--N 与 CaP 和 CaP 呈显著正相关，而 NH-N/NO₃--N 比值与 CaP 和 FeP 呈显著负相关，表明硝化作用的增强似乎有利于磷向可利用磷的转化。本研究将有助于确定如何科学合理地利用生物炭来调节土壤中无机氮和磷物种以及植物对这些养分的吸收。
