Dental Student, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA.
Clinical Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Attending, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Good Samaritan Medical Center, Brockton, MA.
J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2023 Dec;81(12):1495-1503. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2023.09.001. Epub 2023 Sep 9.
Soccer is one of the most popular sports worldwide. However, it has risks of injury to craniomaxillofacial regions such as the head, neck, and mouth.
The purpose of this study is to determine which demographic and injury characteristics among soccer players with craniomaxillofacial injuries are associated with increased hospitalizations.
STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, AND SAMPLE: This is a retrospective cohort study utilizing the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. Subjects included in this study experienced an injury to a craniomaxillofacial area from soccer between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2022.
The predictor variables included demographics (age, sex, race) and injury characteristics (craniomaxillofacial region, diagnosis).
The primary outcome variable was injury severity defined as hospitalization outcome after injury (yes/no). The secondary outcome variable was the trends in the incidence of soccer craniomaxillofacial injuries over time (2003-2022).
The covariates were the heterogenous set of predictor variables in this study.
Descriptive statistics and univariate analyses were computed. Survey-weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to measure the association of demographic and injury variables with hospitalization outcome. Statistical significance was defined as P < .05.
The study sample included 26,642 subjects (national estimate, 799,393). The national incidence of craniomaxillofacial soccer injuries generally increased between 2003 and 2012 and decreased between 2016 and 2020. Subjects in the ≥30 age group had increased odds of hospitalization compared to those in the 10-19 age group (odds ratio [OR], 2.12; P < .001). Compared to females, males had significantly higher odds of hospitalization (OR, 1.53; P < .001). Head (OR, 8.42; P < .001) and neck (OR, 15.8; P < .001) injuries had increased odds of hospitalization compared to facial injuries. Relative to contusions/abrasions, subjects with fractures (OR, 94.7; P < .001), dental injuries (OR, 41.3; P < .001), and concussions (OR, 5.33; P = .017) were at significantly higher odds of hospitalization.
Age, sex, craniomaxillofacial region, and diagnosis were significant predictors of hospitalization outcome after craniomaxillofacial soccer injury. Safer playing styles, use of mouthguards, and proper medical management may reduce future risks of craniomaxillofacial injury from soccer.
足球是全球最受欢迎的运动之一。然而，它也存在着头颈和口腔等颅颌面区域受伤的风险。
本研究旨在确定足球运动员颅颌面受伤患者中哪些人口统计学和损伤特征与住院治疗相关。
研究设计、地点和样本：这是一项利用国家电子伤害监测系统的回顾性队列研究。本研究的受试者在 2003 年 1 月 1 日至 2022 年 12 月 31 日期间因足球运动导致颅颌面区域受伤。
预测变量包括人口统计学特征（年龄、性别、种族）和损伤特征（颅颌面区域、诊断）。
主要结局变量是受伤严重程度，定义为受伤后的住院治疗结局（是/否）。次要结局变量是足球运动颅颌面损伤的发生率随时间的变化趋势（2003-2022 年）。
协变量是本研究中异质的一组预测变量。
计算描述性统计和单变量分析。采用调查加权单变量和多变量逻辑回归来衡量人口统计学和损伤变量与住院治疗结局的关联。统计学意义定义为 P<0.05。
研究样本包括 26642 名受试者（全国估计值为 799393 人）。2003 年至 2012 年期间，颅颌面足球损伤的全国发生率普遍增加，而 2016 年至 2020 年期间则有所下降。与 10-19 岁年龄组相比，≥30 岁年龄组的住院治疗几率更高（比值比[OR]，2.12；P<0.001）。与女性相比，男性的住院治疗几率显著更高（OR，1.53；P<0.001）。头部（OR，8.42；P<0.001）和颈部（OR，15.8；P<0.001）损伤的住院治疗几率高于面部损伤。与挫伤/擦伤相比，骨折（OR，94.7；P<0.001）、牙齿损伤（OR，41.3；P<0.001）和脑震荡（OR，5.33；P=0.017）患者的住院治疗几率更高。
年龄、性别、颅颌面区域和诊断是颅颌面足球损伤后住院治疗结局的显著预测因素。更安全的比赛方式、使用口腔防护用具和适当的医疗管理可能会降低未来因足球运动导致颅颌面损伤的风险。
