Wang Keyi, Mao Weipu, Song Xinran, Chen Ming, Feng Wei, Peng Bo, Chen Yu
Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China.
Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
Chem Soc Rev. 2023 Oct 16;52(20):6957-7035. doi: 10.1039/d2cs00435f.
Reactive oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, carbonyl, chlorine, bromine, and iodine species (RXS, where X = O, N, S, C, Cl, Br, and I) have important roles in various normal physiological processes and act as essential regulators of cell metabolism; their inherent biological activities govern cell signaling, immune balance, and tissue homeostasis. However, an imbalance between RXS production and consumption will induce the occurrence and development of various diseases. Due to the considerable progress of nanomedicine, a variety of nanosystems that can regulate RXS has been rationally designed and engineered for restoring RXS balance to halt the pathological processes of different diseases. The invention of radical-regulating nanomaterials creates the possibility of intriguing projects for disease treatment and promotes advances in nanomedicine. In this comprehensive review, we summarize, discuss, and highlight very-recent advances in RXS-based nanomedicine for versatile disease treatments. This review particularly focuses on the types and pathological effects of these reactive species and explores the biological effects of RXS-based nanomaterials, accompanied by a discussion and the outlook of the challenges faced and future clinical translations of RXS nanomedicines.
活性氧、氮、硫、羰基、氯、溴和碘物种（RXS，其中X = O、N、S、C、Cl、Br和I）在各种正常生理过程中发挥着重要作用，是细胞代谢的重要调节因子；它们固有的生物学活性控制着细胞信号传导、免疫平衡和组织稳态。然而，RXS产生与消耗之间的失衡会诱发各种疾病的发生和发展。由于纳米医学的显著进展，人们已经合理设计并构建了多种能够调节RXS的纳米系统，以恢复RXS平衡，从而阻止不同疾病的病理过程。自由基调节纳米材料的发明为疾病治疗的有趣项目创造了可能性，并推动了纳米医学的进步。在这篇综合综述中，我们总结、讨论并重点介绍了基于RXS的纳米医学在多种疾病治疗方面的最新进展。本综述特别关注这些活性物种的类型和病理效应，探讨基于RXS的纳米材料的生物学效应，并讨论了RXS纳米药物面临的挑战以及未来临床转化的前景。
