Zhan Danyan, Guo Zhiguang
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China.
State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.
Mater Horiz. 2023 Oct 30;10(11):4827-4856. doi: 10.1039/d3mh01094e.
Nature always uses its special wisdom to construct elegant and suitable schemes. Consequently, organisms in the flora and fauna are endowed with fine hierarchical structures (HS) to adapt to the harsh environment due to many years of evolution. Water is one of the most important resources; however, easy access to it is one the biggest challenges faced by human beings. In this case, fog collection (FC) is considered an efficient method to collect water, where bionic HS can be the bridge to efficiently facilitate the process of the FC. In this review, firstly, we discuss the basic principles of FC. Secondly, the role of HS in FC is analyzed in terms of the microstructure of typical examples of plants and animals. Simultaneously, the water-harvesting function of HS in a relatively new organism, fungal filament, is also presented. Thirdly, the HS design in each representative work is analyzed from a biomimetic perspective (single to multiple biomimetic approaches). The role of HS in FC, and then the FC performance of each work are analyzed in order of spatial dimension from a bionic perspective. Finally, the challenges at this stage and the outlook for the future are presented.
大自然总是运用其独特的智慧构建出精妙且适宜的方案。因此，经过多年的进化，动植物体内都具备了优良的层级结构（HS）以适应恶劣的环境。水是最重要的资源之一；然而，获取水资源却成为人类面临的最大挑战之一。在此情形下，雾收集（FC）被视作一种高效的集水方法，其中仿生层级结构能够成为高效推动雾收集过程的桥梁。在这篇综述中，首先，我们探讨雾收集的基本原理。其次，从动植物典型实例的微观结构角度分析层级结构在雾收集中的作用。同时，还介绍了层级结构在一种相对较新的生物体——真菌丝中的集水功能。第三，从仿生学角度（从单仿生到多仿生方法）分析每项代表性研究中的层级结构设计。从仿生学角度按照空间维度顺序分析层级结构在雾收集中的作用，进而分析每项研究的雾收集性能。最后，阐述了现阶段面临的挑战以及未来展望。
