Kreesaeng Pattraporn, Tangbumrungtham Navarat, Rachapattayakhom Ratchaporn, Roongpuvapaht Boonsam, Tanjararak Kangsadarn
Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Ramathibodi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Ear Nose Throat J. 2024 Jun;103(1_suppl):68S-75S. doi: 10.1177/01455613231202207. Epub 2023 Sep 25.
The prevalence of smell dysfunction, along with its risk factors, has been evaluated in previous literature; however, little has been established regarding its relation to other factors such as disease severity, history of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations, and medical treatment for COVID-19 infection. These factors may impact the overall recovery of olfaction in COVID-19 patients.
This study investigated the prevalence of early olfactory recovery from COVID-19 infection and its associated factors.
This study was a prospective cohort study on 348 COVID-19 patients with a new onset of anosmia or hyposmia. Smell sensation scores on the olfactory self-assessment test were collected at baseline and every week until 6 weeks of follow-up. The primary outcome was the prevalence of early olfactory recovery. The secondary outcomes were analyzing factors associated with early olfactory recovery and the median time to complete recovery of smell loss.
The prevalence of early olfactory recovery was 63.1% (95% CI: 0.58-0.68), and significant associated factors in multivariate analysis included patients without allergic rhinitis (OR 2.22, 95% CI: 1.12-4.40, = 0.023) and no alteration of taste perception (OR 1.62, 95% CI: 1.02-2.57, = 0.042). The median time to complete recovery from smell loss was 2 weeks.
The present study found that the prevalence of early olfactory recovery within 2 weeks was 63.1%. The median time to olfactory recovery was also 2 weeks. Patients without allergic rhinitis and taste alteration had a significantly better chance of early recovery of olfactory function.
嗅觉功能障碍的患病率及其危险因素已在以往文献中得到评估；然而，关于其与其他因素如疾病严重程度、新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫苗接种史以及COVID-19感染的药物治疗之间的关系，目前尚无定论。这些因素可能会影响COVID-19患者嗅觉的整体恢复情况。
本研究调查了COVID-19感染后早期嗅觉恢复的患病率及其相关因素。
本研究是一项针对348例新发嗅觉减退或嗅觉丧失的COVID-19患者的前瞻性队列研究。在基线时以及随访至6周期间，每周收集嗅觉自我评估测试中的嗅觉感觉评分。主要结局是早期嗅觉恢复的患病率。次要结局是分析与早期嗅觉恢复相关的因素以及嗅觉丧失完全恢复的中位时间。
早期嗅觉恢复的患病率为63.1%（95%置信区间：0.58 - 0.68），多因素分析中的显著相关因素包括无变应性鼻炎的患者（比值比2.22，95%置信区间：1.12 - 4.40，P = 0.023）和味觉无改变（比值比1.62，95%置信区间：1.02 - 2.57，P = 0.042）。嗅觉丧失完全恢复的中位时间为2周。
本研究发现，2周内早期嗅觉恢复的患病率为63.1%。嗅觉恢复的中位时间也是2周。无变应性鼻炎和味觉改变的患者嗅觉功能早期恢复的机会显著更高。
