A Fast Method for Detection of Fake Venoms and Investigation of Interspecies Variation Using Venoms of , , and (Scorpiones: Buthidae) Species.

BACKGROUND

Within the scorpion family Buthidae, some of the most dangerous venomous genera are (), (), and (). This venom is valuable raw material for numerous therapeutic formulations because of its pharmacological potential; however, because of its high prices in the global market, fake "venom mixes" are being made to market illegally, and it is important that these unknown mixes be evaluated. A fast and accurate response to the request for this identification is necessary.

METHOD

This study was conducted in Turkey in 2022. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a linear positive-ionization mode was used for identification of scorpion species. The mass spectra of the three scorpion venoms were examined in detail. The peptide and protein profiles in the venoms of congenerous three scorpion venoms and the proportional differences in these venoms were investigated. For interspecific variation, a principal component analysis of all venoms was conducted, and variance values and distance-proximity indices were determined.

RESULTS

The top three peptide masses in the highest relative abundance for , , and , respectively, were 6901, 7431, and 7447; 4238, 5283, and 4055; and 3828, 7868, and 6799 Da. While the variance rate between and the other two venoms was 40%, this rate was 38% between and venoms.

CONCLUSION

A very simple protocol of species identification using scorpion venom samples was created using recent advances in MALDI-TOF MS.