Wicker Pamela, Cunningham George B
Department of Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
Laboratory for Diversity in Sport, Department of Sport Management, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Front Psychol. 2023 Sep 7;14:1236439. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1236439. eCollection 2023.
This study examined the correlates of gender stereotypes and the moderating role of membership in a voluntary sports club. Drawing on the contact hypothesis, this study argues that gender stereotypes are lower when individuals regularly have the opportunity to meet and play sport with such people, for example in a voluntary sports club.
Survey data from the European Values Study are used for the analysis ( = 36,185; 30 countries). Gender stereotypes are measured with statements on gender role attributes.
Regression results show that membership in a voluntary sports club, being a student, income, and living in a more gender equal country significantly reduce gender stereotypes. On the contrary, male gender, living in a partnership, having children, lower and medium education, part-time employment, self-employment, unemployment, being a home maker, and living in a small town are correlates of higher gender stereotypes. Interacting the latter correlates with sports club membership support its moderating effect in the sense that most correlates turn insignificant or have smaller coefficients. The only variables retaining their coefficient size are self-employment and living in a small town.
The findings support the contact hypothesis and suggest that sports clubs are places that lessen gender stereotypes.
本研究探讨了性别刻板印象的相关因素以及加入志愿体育俱乐部所起的调节作用。基于接触假说，本研究认为，当个体有机会经常与这类人见面并一起进行体育活动时，比如在志愿体育俱乐部中，性别刻板印象会降低。
分析使用了来自欧洲价值观研究的调查数据（样本量=36185；30个国家）。性别刻板印象通过关于性别角色属性的陈述来衡量。
回归结果表明，加入志愿体育俱乐部、身为学生、收入以及生活在性别平等程度更高的国家，均能显著降低性别刻板印象。相反，男性、处于伴侣关系、育有子女、低中等教育程度、兼职工作、自主创业、失业、家庭主妇身份以及生活在小镇，均与较高的性别刻板印象相关。将后一组相关因素与体育俱乐部会员身份进行交互分析，支持了其调节作用，即大多数相关因素变得不显著或系数变小。唯一系数大小保持不变的变量是自主创业和生活在小镇。
研究结果支持了接触假说，并表明体育俱乐部是能够减少性别刻板印象的场所。
