Torabian Sajjad, Grossman Emily D
Visual Perception and Neuroimaging Lab, Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.
Front Psychol. 2023 Sep 7;14:1168739. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1168739. eCollection 2023.
Among a variety of entities in their environment, what do humans consider alive or animate and how does this attribution of animacy promote development of more abstract levels of mentalizing? By decontextualizing the environment of bodily features, we review how physical movements give rise to perceived animacy in Heider-Simmel style animations. We discuss the developmental course of how perceived animacy shapes our interpretation of the social world, and specifically discuss when and how children transition from perceiving actions as goal-directed to attributing behaviors to unobservable mental states. This transition from a teleological stance, asserting a goal-oriented interpretation to an agent's actions, to a mentalistic stance allows older children to reason about more complex actions guided by hidden beliefs. The acquisition of these more complex cognitive behaviors happens developmentally at the same time neural systems for social cognition are coming online in young children. We review perceptual, developmental, and neural evidence to identify the joint cognitive and neural changes associated with children begin to mentalize and this ability is instantiated in the brain.
在人类所处环境中的各种实体中，人们认为哪些是有生命的或有活力的？这种赋予生命的属性如何促进更抽象层次心理化的发展？通过脱离身体特征的环境背景，我们回顾了在海德 - 西梅尔风格的动画中，身体动作是如何产生被感知到的生命感的。我们讨论了被感知到的生命感如何塑造我们对社会世界的理解的发展过程，并特别讨论了儿童何时以及如何从将行为视为目标导向转变为将行为归因于不可观察的心理状态。这种从目的论立场（主张对主体行为进行面向目标的解释）到心理主义立场的转变，使年龄较大的儿童能够对由隐藏信念引导的更复杂行为进行推理。这些更复杂认知行为的获得在儿童发展过程中与社会认知的神经系统上线同时发生。我们回顾感知、发展和神经方面的证据，以确定与儿童开始心理化以及这种能力在大脑中体现相关的联合认知和神经变化。
