Rieser J J, Guth D A, Hill E W
Perception. 1986;15(2):173-88. doi: 10.1068/p150173.
Experiments are reported of the nonvisual sensitivity of observers to their paths of locomotion and to the resulting changes in the structure of their perspectives, ie changes in the network of directions and distances spatially relating them to objects fixed in the surrounding environment. In the first experiment it was found that adults can keep up to date on the changing structure of their perspectives even in the absence of sights and sounds that specify changes in self-to-object relations. They do this rapidly, accurately, and, according to the subjects' reports, automatically, as if perceiving the new perspective structures. The second experiment was designed to investigate the role of visual experience in the development of sensitivity to occluded changes in perspective structure by comparing the judgments of sighted adults with those of late-blinded adults (who had extensive life histories of vision) and those of early-blinded adults (who had little or no history of vision). The three groups performed similarly when asked to judge perspective while imagining a new point of observation. However, locomoting to the new point greatly facilitated the judgments of the sighted and late-blinded subjects, but not those of the early-blinded subjects. The findings indicate that visual experience plays an important role in the development of sensitivity to changes in perspective structure when walking without vision.
本文报告了一些实验，这些实验研究了观察者对其运动路径以及由此导致的视角结构变化的非视觉敏感性，即与周围环境中固定物体在空间上相关的方向和距离网络的变化。在第一个实验中发现，即使在没有表明自我与物体关系变化的视觉和听觉线索的情况下，成年人也能及时了解其视角结构的变化。他们能快速、准确地做到这一点，并且根据受试者的报告，这一过程是自动进行的，就好像能感知到新的视角结构一样。第二个实验旨在通过比较有视力的成年人、晚期失明成年人（有丰富的视觉生活经历）和早期失明成年人（几乎没有或没有视觉经历）的判断，来研究视觉经验在对视角结构中被遮挡变化的敏感性发展中的作用。当被要求在想象一个新的观察点时判断视角时，这三组的表现相似。然而，移动到新的观察点极大地促进了有视力和晚期失明受试者的判断，但对早期失明受试者则没有作用。研究结果表明，在没有视觉的情况下行走时，视觉经验在对视角结构变化的敏感性发展中起着重要作用。
