Yin Jia-Fu, Amidani Lucia, Chen Jiadong, Li Mu, Xue Binghui, Lai Yuyan, Kvashnina Kristina, Nyman May, Yin Panchao
State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF, The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2024 Jan 2;63(1):e202310953. doi: 10.1002/anie.202310953. Epub 2023 Oct 10.
This Review addresses the use of X-ray and neutron scattering as well as X-ray absorption to describe how inorganic nanostructured materials assemble, evolve, and function in solution. We first provide an overview of techniques and instrumentation (both large user facilities and benchtop). We review recent studies of soluble inorganic nanostructure assembly, covering the disciplines of materials synthesis, processes in nature, nuclear materials, and the widely applicable fundamental processes of hydrophobic interactions and ion pairing. Reviewed studies cover size regimes and length scales ranging from sub-Ångström (coordination chemistry and ion pairing) to several nanometers (molecular clusters, i.e. polyoxometalates, polyoxocations, and metal-organic polyhedra), to the mesoscale (supramolecular assembly processes). Reviewed studies predominantly exploit 1) SAXS/WAXS/SANS (small- and wide-angle X-ray or neutron scattering), 2) PDF (pair-distribution function analysis of X-ray total scattering), and 3) XANES and EXAFS (X-ray absorption near-edge structure and extended X-ray absorption fine structure, respectively). While the scattering techniques provide structural information, X-ray absorption yields the oxidation state in addition to the local coordination. Our goal for this Review is to provide information and inspiration for the inorganic/materials science communities that may benefit from elucidating the role of solution speciation in natural and synthetic processes.
本综述探讨了如何利用X射线和中子散射以及X射线吸收来描述无机纳米结构材料在溶液中的组装、演化和功能。我们首先概述了相关技术和仪器（包括大型用户设施和台式仪器）。我们回顾了可溶性无机纳米结构组装的近期研究，涵盖材料合成、自然过程、核材料等学科，以及疏水相互作用和离子配对等广泛适用的基本过程。所回顾的研究涵盖了从亚埃（配位化学和离子配对）到几纳米（分子簇，即多金属氧酸盐、聚氧阳离子和金属有机多面体），再到中尺度（超分子组装过程）的尺寸范围和长度尺度。所回顾的研究主要利用1）小角和广角X射线或中子散射（SAXS/WAXS/SANS），2）X射线全散射的对分布函数分析（PDF），以及3）X射线吸收近边结构（XANES）和扩展X射线吸收精细结构（EXAFS）。虽然散射技术提供结构信息，但X射线吸收除了能给出局部配位情况外，还能得出氧化态。本综述的目标是为无机/材料科学界提供信息和灵感，这些领域可能会从阐明溶液形态在自然和合成过程中的作用中受益。
