Division of Industrial Design, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Keio-NUS CUTE Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Nutr Res Rev. 2024 Dec;37(2):376-395. doi: 10.1017/S0954422423000239. Epub 2023 Sep 26.
Accumulating evidence shows associations between rapid eating and overweight. Modifying eating rate might be a potential weight management strategy without imposing additional dietary restrictions. A comprehensive understanding of factors associated with eating speed will help with designing effective interventions. The aim of this review was to synthesise the current state of knowledge on the factors associated with eating rate. The socio-ecological model (SEM) was utilised to scaffold the identified factors. A comprehensive literature search of eleven databases was conducted to identify factors associated with eating rate. The 104 studies that met the inclusion criteria were heterogeneous in design and methods of eating rate measurement. We identified thirty-nine factors that were independently linked to eating speed and mapped them onto the individual, social and environmental levels of the SEM. The majority of the reported factors pertained to the individual characteristics ( = 20) including demographics, cognitive/psychological factors and habitual food oral processing behaviours. Social factors ( = 11) included eating companions, social and cultural norms, and family structure. Environmental factors ( = 8) included food texture and presentation, methods of consumption or background sounds. Measures of body weight, food form and characteristics, food oral processing behaviours and gender, age and ethnicity were the most researched and consistent factors associated with eating rate. A number of other novel and underresearched factors emerged, but these require replication and further research. We highlight directions for further research in this space and potential evidence-based candidates for interventions targeting eating rate.
越来越多的证据表明，进食速度快与超重之间存在关联。改变进食速度可能是一种潜在的体重管理策略，无需额外限制饮食。全面了解与进食速度相关的因素将有助于设计有效的干预措施。本综述的目的是综合目前关于与进食速度相关的因素的知识状况。采用社会生态模型 (SEM) 来支撑确定的因素。对 11 个数据库进行了全面的文献检索，以确定与进食速度相关的因素。符合纳入标准的 104 项研究在设计和进食速度测量方法上存在差异。我们确定了 39 个与进食速度独立相关的因素，并将其映射到 SEM 的个体、社会和环境层面上。报告的大多数因素都与个体特征有关（=20），包括人口统计学、认知/心理因素和习惯性食物口腔加工行为。社会因素（=11）包括饮食伙伴、社会和文化规范以及家庭结构。环境因素（=8）包括食物质地和呈现方式、消费方法或背景声音。与进食速度相关的研究最多且一致性最高的因素是体重、食物形态和特性、食物口腔加工行为以及性别、年龄和种族。还出现了一些其他新颖的和研究较少的因素，但这些因素需要复制和进一步研究。我们在此领域强调进一步研究的方向以及针对进食速度的干预措施的潜在循证候选因素。
