Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Fudan University Anhui Hospital, Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230051, P. R. China.
School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, P. R. China.
J Mater Chem B. 2023 Oct 25;11(41):9777-9797. doi: 10.1039/d3tb01590d.
Owing to societal development and aging population, the impact of cancer on human health and quality of life has increased. Early detection and surgical treatment are the most effective approaches for most cancer patients. As the scope of conventional tumor resection is determined by auxiliary examination and surgeon experience, there is often insufficient recognition of tiny tumors. The ability to detect such tumors can be improved by using fluorescent tumor-specific probes for surgical navigation. This review mainly describes the design principles and mechanisms of activatable probes for the fluorescence imaging of tumors. This type of probe is nonfluorescent in normal tissue but exhibits obvious fluorescence emission upon encountering tumor-specific substrates, such as enzymes or bioactive molecules, or changes in the microenvironment, such as a low pH. In some cases, a single-factor response does not guarantee the effective fluorescence labeling of tumors. Therefore, two-factor-activatable fluorescence imaging probes that react with two specific factors in tumor cells have also been developed. Compared with single biomarker testing, the simultaneous monitoring of multiple biomarkers may provide additional insight into the role of these substances in cancer development and aid in improving the accuracy of early cancer diagnosis. Research and progress in this field can provide new methods for precision medicine and targeted therapy. The development of new approaches for early diagnosis and treatment can effectively improve the prognosis of cancer patients and help enhance their quality of life.
由于社会发展和人口老龄化，癌症对人类健康和生活质量的影响日益增加。对于大多数癌症患者来说，早期发现和手术治疗是最有效的方法。由于传统肿瘤切除术的范围取决于辅助检查和外科医生的经验，因此对于微小肿瘤往往认识不足。使用荧光肿瘤特异性探针进行手术导航可以提高对这些肿瘤的检测能力。本综述主要介绍了用于肿瘤荧光成像的可激活探针的设计原理和机制。这种探针在正常组织中是非荧光的，但在遇到肿瘤特异性底物（如酶或生物活性分子）或微环境变化（如低 pH 值）时，会表现出明显的荧光发射。在某些情况下，单因素反应不能保证肿瘤的有效荧光标记。因此，还开发了双因素可激活荧光成像探针，该探针与肿瘤细胞中的两个特定因素反应。与单一生物标志物检测相比，同时监测多个生物标志物可能会提供这些物质在癌症发展中的作用的更多见解，并有助于提高早期癌症诊断的准确性。该领域的研究和进展可为精准医学和靶向治疗提供新方法。新的早期诊断和治疗方法的发展可以有效改善癌症患者的预后，帮助提高他们的生活质量。
