Nock Nora L, Hernandez Estefania, Robinson Dallas, Hoffer Lee, Wachholtz Amy
Departments of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Prev Med Rep. 2023 Aug 29;36:102393. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102393. eCollection 2023 Dec.
Over 10 million Americans misuse opioids and more than 5 million have been diagnosed with an opioid use disorder (OUD). In 2021, over 100,000 Americans died of a drug overdose and more than 75% of these deaths involved an opioid. Exercise has been shown to increase abstinence and decrease anxiety and depression in people with a substance use disorder. However, only a few small trials have focused on persons with OUD who often experience additional challenges including chronic pain, mental health disorders and cardio-metabolic abnormalities.
We aimed to describe the barriers, perceived benefits and preferences to exercise in adults with OUD in residential treatment in the U.S. as part of a larger study. We conducted 33 individually administered, semi-structured interviews and transcribed audiotapes verbatim, conducted coding and thematic analysis using NVivo v12 software (QSR International Inc.).
Our sample had nearly equal representation of males and females and, was predominantly Caucasian (88%) with a mean of age of 34.5 (s.d. 7.5) years old. Participants stated that exercise helps to reduce drug cravings, anxiety, depression and pain and improve mood, physical health and build "normalcy". Barriers included lack of time, access to resources, fear of poor health and triggering pain. Participants preferred moderate intensity exercise 3 times/week and 30-60 min sessions.
Our findings indicate that adults with OUD believe exercise is a valuable tool to use in their recovery but they encounter several barriers. Many barriers, however, could be overcome with structured programs offered by residential treatment centers.
超过1000万美国人滥用阿片类药物，超过500万人被诊断患有阿片类药物使用障碍（OUD）。2021年，超过10万美国人死于药物过量，其中超过75%的死亡涉及阿片类药物。运动已被证明可以增加戒毒率，并减少物质使用障碍患者的焦虑和抑郁。然而，只有少数小型试验关注患有OUD的人，他们经常面临额外的挑战，包括慢性疼痛、心理健康障碍和心脏代谢异常。
作为一项更大规模研究的一部分，我们旨在描述美国接受住院治疗的患有OUD的成年人在运动方面的障碍、感知到的益处和偏好。我们进行了33次单独的半结构化访谈，并逐字转录了录音带，使用NVivo v12软件（QSR国际公司）进行编码和主题分析。
我们的样本中男性和女性的比例几乎相等，主要是白人（88%），平均年龄为34.5岁（标准差7.5）。参与者表示，运动有助于减少对药物的渴望、焦虑、抑郁和疼痛，并改善情绪、身体健康和建立“正常状态”。障碍包括缺乏时间、获取资源困难、担心健康状况不佳和引发疼痛。参与者更喜欢每周进行3次、每次30 - 60分钟的中等强度运动。
我们的研究结果表明，患有OUD的成年人认为运动是他们康复过程中的一项有价值的工具，但他们遇到了一些障碍。然而，许多障碍可以通过住院治疗中心提供的结构化项目来克服。
