有氧运动对唾液淀粉酶基因（AMY1）拷贝数变异的2型糖尿病（T2DM）高危中国成年个体的影响。
Effect of Aerobic Exercise in Chinese Adult Individuals at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) with Low Salivary Amylase Gene (AMY1) Copy Number Variation.
作者信息
Zhang Xinming, Moran Colin, Wang Ruiyuan, Zhou Yue
机构信息
School of Sport Science, Nantong University, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
School of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, The United Kingdom.
出版信息
Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2023 Sep 19;16:2875-2883. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S409007. eCollection 2023.
PURPOSE
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a life-threatening health problem around the world. Studies have confirmed that aerobic exercise can prevent the risk of T2DM. Furthermore, recent research showed that salivary amylase gene (AMY1) copy number variation (CNV) could be one of the genetic factors that increased the risk of T2DM. To provide more evidence on how AMY1 CNV and exercise is correlated with the risk of T2DM, we designed this study to show the differences in postprandial carbohydrate metabolism between people with different AMY1 copy numbers, and how aerobic exercise can influence this process.
PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS
Sixteen participants without cardiovascular disease were chosen, 8 with AMY1 CNV≥6 (High CNV group, HCNV), and 8 with AMY1 CNV ≤ 2 (Low CNV group, LCNV). All participants were Chinese, Han nationality, 18 to 40 years old, with fasting blood glucose lower than 6.1 mmol/L and normal blood pressure levels. They were asked to visit the laboratory in fasting state and drink a cup of solution with 75 grams of edible carbohydrate (glucose or starch). After carbohydrate intake, blood samples were taken at certain times at rest or after aerobic exercise. Blood glucose levels were tested with a portable blood glucose monitor, and insulin levels were tested with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
RESULTS
The LCNV group had significantly higher resting insulin levels and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) than the HCNV group. Compared to the HCNV group, postprandial blood glucose levels and insulin levels were insensitive to starch intake in the LCNV group. However, this difference disappeared after aerobic exercise was added as an intervention.
CONCLUSION
Lower AMY1 CNV could be associated with higher risk of T2DM and complex carbohydrate metabolism disorder, while aerobic exercise can reduce the risk by increasing the carbohydrate utilization rate.
目的
2型糖尿病（T2DM）已成为全球威胁生命的健康问题。研究证实有氧运动可预防T2DM风险。此外，近期研究表明唾液淀粉酶基因（AMY1）拷贝数变异（CNV）可能是增加T2DM风险的遗传因素之一。为了提供更多关于AMY1 CNV与运动如何与T2DM风险相关的证据，我们设计了本研究，以显示不同AMY1拷贝数人群餐后碳水化合物代谢的差异，以及有氧运动如何影响这一过程。
参与者与方法
选取16名无心血管疾病的参与者，8名AMY1 CNV≥6（高拷贝数组，HCNV），8名AMY1 CNV≤2（低拷贝数组，LCNV）。所有参与者均为中国汉族，年龄18至40岁，空腹血糖低于6.1 mmol/L且血压正常。要求他们在空腹状态下到实验室，饮用一杯含75克可食用碳水化合物（葡萄糖或淀粉）的溶液。摄入碳水化合物后，在休息或有氧运动后的特定时间采集血样。用便携式血糖仪检测血糖水平，用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测胰岛素水平。
结果
LCNV组静息胰岛素水平和胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）显著高于HCNV组。与HCNV组相比，LCNV组餐后血糖水平和胰岛素水平对淀粉摄入不敏感。然而，在加入有氧运动作为干预后，这种差异消失了。
结论
较低的AMY1 CNV可能与T2DM风险增加和复杂的碳水化合物代谢紊乱有关，而有氧运动可通过提高碳水化合物利用率降低风险。
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