唾液淀粉酶：消化与代谢综合征
Salivary Amylase: Digestion and Metabolic Syndrome.
作者信息
Peyrot des Gachons Catherine, Breslin Paul A S
机构信息
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
出版信息
Curr Diab Rep. 2016 Oct;16(10):102. doi: 10.1007/s11892-016-0794-7.
Abstract
Salivary amylase is a glucose-polymer cleavage enzyme that is produced by the salivary glands. It comprises a small portion of the total amylase excreted, which is mostly made by the pancreas. Amylases digest starch into smaller molecules, ultimately yielding maltose, which in turn is cleaved into two glucose molecules by maltase. Starch comprises a significant portion of the typical human diet for most nationalities. Given that salivary amylase is such a small portion of total amylase, it is unclear why it exists and whether it conveys an evolutionary advantage when ingesting starch. This review will consider the impact of salivary amylase on oral perception, nutrient signaling, anticipatory metabolic reflexes, blood sugar, and its clinical implications for preventing metabolic syndrome and obesity.
摘要
唾液淀粉酶是一种由唾液腺产生的葡萄糖聚合物裂解酶。它在分泌的总淀粉酶中占一小部分，大部分淀粉酶是由胰腺产生的。淀粉酶将淀粉消化成较小的分子，最终产生麦芽糖，麦芽糖再被麦芽糖酶裂解成两个葡萄糖分子。对大多数民族来说，淀粉在典型的人类饮食中占很大一部分。鉴于唾液淀粉酶在总淀粉酶中所占比例如此之小，目前尚不清楚它为何存在，以及在摄入淀粉时是否具有进化优势。本综述将探讨唾液淀粉酶对口腔感知、营养信号、预期代谢反射、血糖的影响及其对预防代谢综合征和肥胖症的临床意义。
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