Bakalova Diana, Nacheva Ilina, Panchelieva Tsvetelina
Department of Psychology, Institute for Population and Human Studies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ. 2023 Sep 14;13(9):1815-1830. doi: 10.3390/ejihpe13090132.
This study responds to the need to explore psychological predictors of COVID-19-related anxiety in vulnerable groups. An anonymous voluntary online survey was conducted ( = 520) with (a) working parents with young children (0-12 y.o.), (b) people with chronic physical conditions, (c) people with multiple vulnerability characteristics and (d) a control group (no self-reported vulnerability) in 2022. Findings showed that perceived stress of the parents and trait anxiety of the chronic sufferers were single weak positive predictors of COVID-19 anxiety. However, both psychological factors had a stronger effect on the pandemic-related anxiety for the group with multiple vulnerabilities. In the control group, trait resilience and optimistic expectations (combined with perceived stress) were moderate negative predictors of COVID-19 anxiety. The findings emphasize the importance of perceptions, expectations, trait anxiety as well as the need for intersectional research of vulnerability from multiple perspectives. Furthermore, they highlight the necessity of group-specific policies and interventions aimed both at handling the negative psychological tendencies of the vulnerable groups and at strengthening the positive tendencies of non-vulnerable groups, rather than tackling only emergent anxiety conditions in crisis times.
本研究回应了探索弱势群体中与新冠疫情相关焦虑的心理预测因素的需求。2022年开展了一项匿名自愿在线调查（n = 520），调查对象包括：（a）有年幼子女（0 - 12岁）的在职父母；（b）患有慢性身体疾病的人；（c）具有多种脆弱性特征的人；以及（d）一个对照组（无自我报告的脆弱性）。研究结果表明，父母感知到的压力和慢性病患者的特质焦虑是新冠疫情焦虑的单一微弱正向预测因素。然而，对于具有多种脆弱性的群体，这两种心理因素对与疫情相关的焦虑影响更强。在对照组中，特质复原力和乐观预期（与感知到的压力相结合）是新冠疫情焦虑的中度负向预测因素。研究结果强调了认知、预期、特质焦虑的重要性，以及从多个角度对脆弱性进行交叉研究的必要性。此外，研究结果还凸显了针对特定群体制定政策和干预措施的必要性，这些政策和干预措施既要应对弱势群体的负面心理倾向，也要强化非弱势群体的积极心理倾向，而不是仅在危机时期应对突发的焦虑状况。
