Surbek Marta, Sukseree Supawadee, Eckhart Leopold
Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Metabolites. 2023 Sep 12;13(9):1005. doi: 10.3390/metabo13091005.
The skin protects the body against exogenous stressors. Its function is partially achieved by the permanent regeneration of the epidermis, which requires high metabolic activity and the shedding of superficial cells, leading to the loss of metabolites. Iron is involved in a plethora of important epidermal processes, including cellular respiration and detoxification of xenobiotics. Likewise, microorganisms on the surface of the skin depend on iron, which is supplied by the turnover of epithelial cells. Here, we review the metabolism of iron in the skin with a particular focus on the fate of iron in epidermal keratinocytes. The iron metabolism of the epidermis is controlled by genes that are differentially expressed in the inner and outer layers of the epidermis, establishing a system that supports the recycling of iron and counteracts the release of iron from the skin surface. Heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1), ferroportin (SLC40A1) and hephaestin-like 1 (HEPHL1) are constitutively expressed in terminally differentiated keratinocytes and allow the recycling of iron from heme prior to the cornification of keratinocytes. We discuss the evidence for changes in the epidermal iron metabolism in diseases and explore promising topics of future studies of iron-dependent processes in the skin.
皮肤保护身体免受外部应激源的影响。其功能部分通过表皮的持续再生来实现，这需要高代谢活性以及表层细胞的脱落，从而导致代谢产物的流失。铁参与了大量重要的表皮过程，包括细胞呼吸和外源性物质的解毒。同样，皮肤表面的微生物也依赖于由上皮细胞周转提供的铁。在此，我们综述皮肤中铁的代谢，特别关注表皮角质形成细胞中铁的去向。表皮的铁代谢由在表皮内层和外层差异表达的基因控制，建立了一个支持铁循环并抵消铁从皮肤表面释放的系统。血红素加氧酶-1（HMOX1）、铁转运蛋白（SLC40A1）和类铁转运蛋白1（HEPHL1）在终末分化的角质形成细胞中组成性表达，并允许在角质形成细胞角化之前从血红素中回收铁。我们讨论了疾病中表皮铁代谢变化的证据，并探索了皮肤中铁依赖过程未来研究的有前景的主题。
