Cao Yingnan, Bian Jing, Han Yunping, Liu Jianguo, Ma Yuping, Feng Weiying, Deng Yuxin, Yu Yaojiang
Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
Toxics. 2024 Jun 26;12(7):463. doi: 10.3390/toxics12070463.
In order to visualize the content and development patterns of microplastic biodegradation research, the American Chemical Society (ACS), Elsevier, Springer Link, and American Society for Microbiology (ASM) were searched for the years 2012-2022 using Citespace and VOSvivewer for bibliometrics and visual analysis. The biodegradation processes and mechanisms of microplastics were reviewed on this basis. The results showed a sharp increase in the number of publications between 2012 and 2022, peaking in 2020-2021, with 62 more publications than the previous decade. The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Northwest A&F University (NWAFU), and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) are the top three research institutions in this field. Researchers are mainly located in China, The United States of America (USA), and India. Furthermore, the research in this field is primarily concerned with the screening of functional microorganisms, the determination of functional enzymes, and the analysis of microplastic biodegradation processes and mechanisms. These studies have revealed that the existing functional microorganisms for microplastic biodegradation are bacteria, predominantly Proteobacteria and Firmicutes; fungi, mainly Ascomycota; and some intestinal microorganisms. The main enzymes secreted in the process are hydrolase, oxidative, and depolymerization enzymes. Microorganisms degrade microplastics through the processes of colonization, biofilm retention, and bioenzymatic degradation. These studies have elucidated the current status of and problems in the microbial degradation of microplastics, and provide a direction for further research on the degradation process and molecular mechanism of functional microorganisms.
为了可视化微塑料生物降解研究的内容和发展模式，利用Citespace和VOSvivewer对美国化学学会（ACS）、爱思唯尔、施普林格链接和美国微生物学会（ASM）在2012 - 2022年期间进行了检索，以进行文献计量学和可视化分析。在此基础上，对微塑料的生物降解过程和机制进行了综述。结果表明，2012年至2022年期间出版物数量急剧增加，在2020 - 2021年达到峰值，比前十年多62篇出版物。中国科学院大学（UCAS）、西北农林科技大学（NWAFU）和中国农业科学院（CAAS）是该领域排名前三的研究机构。研究人员主要分布在中国、美国和印度。此外，该领域的研究主要关注功能微生物的筛选、功能酶的测定以及微塑料生物降解过程和机制的分析。这些研究表明，现有的用于微塑料生物降解的功能微生物有细菌，主要是变形菌门和厚壁菌门；真菌，主要是子囊菌门；以及一些肠道微生物。该过程中分泌的主要酶是水解酶、氧化酶和解聚酶。微生物通过定殖、生物膜保留和生物酶降解过程降解微塑料。这些研究阐明了微塑料微生物降解的现状和存在的问题，并为进一步研究功能微生物的降解过程和分子机制提供了方向。
