State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
Kleinwanzlebener Saatzucht (KWS) KWS SAAT SE & Co. KGaA, Einbeck, Germany.
PLoS One. 2023 Sep 27;18(9):e0292095. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292095. eCollection 2023.
European flint landraces are a major class of maize possessing favorable alleles for improving host resistance to Gibberella ear rot (GER) disease which reduces yield and contaminates the grains with mycotoxins. However, the incorporation of these landraces into breeding programs requires a clear understanding of the effectiveness of their introgression into elite materials. We evaluated 15 pre-selected doubled haploid (DH) lines from two European flint landraces, "Kemater Landmais Gelb" (KE) and "Petkuser Ferdinand Rot" (PE), together with two adapted elite flint lines and seven standard lines for GER severity as the main trait, and several adaptation traits (plant height, days to silking, seed-set, plant vigor) across four environments. From this evaluation, three KE DH lines and one PE DH line, with the lowest GER severity, were selected and used as donor parents that were crossed with the two adapted and GER susceptible flint lines (Flint1 and Flint2) to develop six bi-parental DH populations with 34-145 DH lines each. Each DH population was evaluated across two locations. Correlations between GER severity, which was the target trait, and adaptation traits were weak (-0.02 to 0.19). GER severity of lines from PE landrace was on average 2-fold higher than lines from KE landrace, indicating a clear superiority of the KE landrace lines. Mean GER severity of the DH populations was 39.4-61.0% lower than the adapted elite flint lines. All KE-derived DH populations were on average more resistant (27.0-36.7%) than the PE-derived population (51.0%). Highly resistant lines (1.3-5.2%) were found in all of the populations, suggesting that the DH populations can be successfully integrated into elite breeding programs. The findings demonstrate that selected KE landrace lines used as donors were effective in improving GER resistance of the adapted elite inbreds.
欧洲硬质玉米地方品种是一类重要的玉米，它们拥有有利的等位基因，可以提高宿主对赤霉病耳腐病（GER）的抗性，从而降低产量并使谷物受到真菌毒素的污染。然而，将这些地方品种纳入育种计划需要清楚地了解它们在优良材料中的渗入效果。我们评估了来自两个欧洲硬质地方品种“Kemater Landmais Gelb”（KE）和“Petkuser Ferdinand Rot”（PE）的 15 个预先选择的双单倍体（DH）系，以及两个适应的硬质优良系和七个标准系，以 GER 严重程度为主要性状，以及四个环境中的几个适应性状（株高、吐丝期、结实率、植株活力）。在此评估中，选择了三个 KE DH 系和一个 PE DH 系，其 GER 严重程度最低，作为供体亲本，与两个适应的和 GER 易感的硬质系（Flint1 和 Flint2）杂交，开发了六个双亲子代 DH 群体，每个群体有 34-145 个 DH 系。每个 DH 群体在两个地点进行评估。GER 严重程度与适应性状之间的相关性很弱（-0.02 至 0.19）。PE 地方品种的线条的 GER 严重程度平均比 KE 地方品种高 2 倍，表明 KE 地方品种的明显优势。DH 群体的平均 GER 严重程度比适应的硬质优良系低 39.4-61.0%。所有 KE 衍生的 DH 群体的平均抗性（27.0-36.7%）都高于 PE 衍生的群体（51.0%）。在所有群体中都发现了高度抗性的线条（1.3-5.2%），这表明 DH 群体可以成功地整合到优良的育种计划中。研究结果表明，所选的 KE 地方品种作为供体使用，可有效提高适应的优良自交系的 GER 抗性。
