Remember Team, Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center of Integrative Biology (CBI), CNRS - University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31 067, Toulouse, France.
Minding Team, Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center of Integrative Biology (CBI), CNRS - University of Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31 067, Toulouse, France; INSPIRE Consortium, France.
Neuropharmacology. 2023 Dec 15;241:109730. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109730. Epub 2023 Sep 26.
Type 2 diabetes and obesity characterized by hallmarks of insulin resistance along with an imbalance in brain oxidative metabolism would impair intrinsic capacities (ICs), a new concept for assessing mental and physical functioning. Here, we explored the impact of physical activity on antioxidant responses and oxidative metabolism in discrete brain areas of HFD or standard diet (STD) fed mice but also its consequences on specific domains of ICs. 6-week-old Swiss male mice were exposed to a STD or a HFD for 16 weeks and half of the mice in each group had access to an activity wheel and the other half did not. As expected HFD mice displayed peripheral insulin resistance but also a persistent inhibition of aconitase activity in cortices revealing an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Animals with access to the running wheel displayed an improvement of insulin sensitivity regardless of the diet factor whereas ROS production remained impaired. Moreover, although the access of the running wheel did not influence mitochondrial biomass, in the oxidative metabolism area, it produced a slight decrease in brain SOD1 and catalase expression notably in HFD fed mice. At the behavioural level, physical exercise produced anxiolytic/antidepressant-like responses and improved motor coordination in both STD and HFD fed mice. However, this non-pharmacological intervention failed to enhance cognitive performance. These findings paint a contrasting landscape about physical exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention for positively orienting the aging trajectory.
2 型糖尿病和肥胖症的特征是存在胰岛素抵抗的标志，以及大脑氧化代谢的失衡，这会损害内在能力（ICs），这是评估心理和身体功能的新概念。在这里，我们探讨了体力活动对 HFD 或标准饮食（STD）喂养的小鼠不同脑区抗氧化反应和氧化代谢的影响，但也探讨了其对特定内在能力领域的影响。6 周龄雄性瑞士小鼠暴露于 STD 或 HFD 16 周，每组一半的小鼠可以使用跑步轮，另一半则不能。正如预期的那样，HFD 组小鼠表现出外周胰岛素抵抗，而且大脑皮质中的顺乌头酸酶活性持续受到抑制，表明线粒体活性氧（ROS）产生增加。无论饮食因素如何，能够使用跑步轮的动物都表现出胰岛素敏感性的改善，而 ROS 产生仍然受损。此外，尽管跑步轮的使用并未影响线粒体生物量，但在氧化代谢区域，它导致大脑 SOD1 和过氧化氢酶表达轻微下降，特别是在 HFD 喂养的小鼠中。在行为水平上，体育锻炼在 STD 和 HFD 喂养的小鼠中产生了抗焦虑/抗抑郁样反应，并改善了运动协调能力。然而，这种非药物干预未能提高认知表现。这些发现描绘了一幅对比鲜明的图景，即体育锻炼作为一种非药物干预，可以积极改变衰老轨迹。
