Perrotte Giuliana, Moreira Marina Maria Gonzaga, de Vargas Junior Amauri, Teixeira Filho Alvaro, Castaldelli-Maia João Mauricio
Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, FMABC University Center, Santo André 09060-870, Brazil.
Department of Medicine, Medical School, Centro Universitário Tiradentes, Maceió 57038-000, Brazil.
Brain Sci. 2023 Sep 11;13(9):1304. doi: 10.3390/brainsci13091304.
(1) Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is typically treated with stimulant medications, which may lead to several adverse effects. Recent animal studies have shown that caffeine can improve the symptoms of ADHD. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to evaluate the effect of caffeine on ADHD symptoms in children. (2) Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing caffeine with placebo in children, comparing overall symptoms of ADHD, inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. (3) Results: We included seven RCTs in the systematic review for qualitative assessment, with 104 patients aged 5 to 15 years. Four of these studies ( = 76) were included in the meta-analysis. After qualitative analysis, four studies indicated no improvement in any of the ADHD symptoms compared with placebo. One study showed improvement in ADHD symptoms based on 1 of 5 scales applied. One study indicated significant improvement in general symptoms, inattention, and hyperactivity. One study indicated improvement in sustained attention but a worsening of impulsivity. In contrast, when using a quantitative analysis of the general symptoms of ADHD, the data showed no significant difference when comparing placebo with caffeine (standardized mean difference -0.12; 95% CI -0.44 to 0.20; = 0.45; I = 0%). (4) Conclusion: overall, the totality of the evidence suggests no significant benefit of caffeine over placebo in the treatment of children with ADHD.
(1) 背景：注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）通常用兴奋剂药物治疗，这可能会导致一些不良反应。最近的动物研究表明，咖啡因可以改善ADHD的症状。本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在评估咖啡因对儿童ADHD症状的影响。(2) 方法：检索了PubMed、Embase和Cochrane数据库，以查找比较咖啡因与安慰剂对儿童ADHD总体症状、注意力不集中、多动和冲动性影响的随机对照试验。(3) 结果：我们在系统评价中纳入了7项随机对照试验进行定性评估，共104例5至15岁的患者。其中4项研究（n = 76）纳入了荟萃分析。定性分析后，4项研究表明与安慰剂相比，ADHD的任何症状均无改善。1项研究显示，在所应用的5个量表中的1个量表上，ADHD症状有所改善。1项研究表明总体症状、注意力不集中和多动有显著改善。1项研究表明持续性注意力有所改善，但冲动性恶化。相比之下，在对ADHD总体症状进行定量分析时，比较安慰剂与咖啡因的数据显示无显著差异（标准化均数差 -0.12；95%置信区间 -0.44至0.20；P = 0.45；I² = 0%）。(4) 结论：总体而言，现有证据表明，在治疗患有ADHD的儿童方面，咖啡因并不比安慰剂有显著益处。
